The disabling nature and lifelong impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) imposes considerable socioeconomic burden despite its relative low prevalence compared to other chronic diseases. This is the first study of MS in the Slovak Republic that provides information about healthcare and social expenditures including costs of productivity loss caused by reduced work capacity of patients with MS.Retrospectively direct and indirect costs of MS were investigated by prevalence based "bottomup" approach. The societal and health insurance perspective was used to perform the overall economic burden caused by MS in Slovakia. The human capital method was used for the calculation of indirect costs, as this is the most common method applied in published studies. As not all detailed data on expenditures were available, the missing data were collected in the retrospective patient research.Total annual costs in 2010 for 6.100 dispensed patients with MS in Slovakia were 54.723.592. Indirect costs (31.728.757) prevailed over direct costs (22.994.834). The highest part of both costs were 25.207.512 and 12.641.052 for loss productivity due to patients sickness and invalidity pensions and diseasemodifying drugs respective ly. The average cost per patient independently of disease severity was 8.971.MS causes a high economic burden, with a strong predominance of indirect costs. Documenting and quantifying this burden among patients with MS in different disease stages through costofillness study can lead to better disease management and it can provide valuable information for future cost analysis and for decisionmaking process.
most expensive screening program in term of population ECs is TIR/TIR/ADN. However, this strategy has the lowest EC/neonate with CF. In the opposite TIR/ADN has the lowest EC in term of population but the highest cost in term of neonates with CF. However more data are needed in order to increase the power of estimations. It is clear that the factors which have most influences in cost difference between regions are algorithm type used, order of diagnostic tests and cutoff points.
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