9Alkali activation is a highly active and rapidly developing field of activity in the global research and 10 development community. Commercial-scale deployment of alkali-activated cements and concretes is 11 now proceeding rapidly in multiple nations. This paper reviews the key developments in alkali-12 activated materials since 2011, with a particular focus on advances in characterisation techniques 13 and structural understanding, binder precursors and activation approaches, durability testing and 14 design, processing, and sustainability. The scientific and engineering developments described in this 15paper have underpinned the on-going scale-up activities. We also identify important needs for 16 future research and development to support the optimal and appropriate utilisation of alkali 17 activated materials as a component of a sustainable future construction materials industry. 18
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