Thus, as a result of biochemical screening of 30 taxons of Ericaceae species taking into account 32 parameters in a long-term cycle of observation it has been established the different degree of dependence of variability level of biochemical structure components of fruits of alien crops on genotype and a hydrothermal mode of the period of their maturing has been revealed. The similarity of parameters of genotypic variability of some traits of all investigated Ericaceae species is also revealed: low one – for the general contents in fruits of soluble sugars, flavonols, of potassium, calcium, magnesium and high one – for the contents of anthocyanins, and also the ratio of fractions of pectinaceous substances and bioflavonoids. Specific features of genetic determinacy of the analyzed traits, testifying the greatest degree of its displays of V. corymbosum for total accumulation of soluble sugars and bioflavonoids, flavonols contents, calcium and magnesium and by the lowest degree – for the contents of titratable acids, vitamin C, anthocyanins and values of a sugar-acid index were established. If to mention V. vitis-idaea L., the parameters of general accumulation in fruits of soluble sugars, dry substances and all major mineral elements were characterized by the greatest degree of genetic determinacy, whereas by the least degree – the contents of anthocyanins, catechines and tannins. If to mention V. macrocarpon, the parameters of accumulation in fruits of dry substances, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, phenol-carboxylic acids have been noted by the most expressed genetic determinacy, and by the least expressed – the contents of anthocyanins, sucrose and pectinaceous substances in fruits.
результаты сравнительного исследования влияния полного минерального удобрения и ростовых стимуляторов-Нанопланта, Гидрогумата и Экосила на основные характеристики пигментного фонда ассимилирующих органов дву-и четырехлетних растений (виргинильных и генеративных) двух модельных сортов V. corymbosum L.-Bluecrop и Northland. Выявлены существенные генотипические, возрастные и межвариантные различия в характере и степени ответной реакции растений на примененные агроприемы. Показано, что после внесения удобрений у генеративных растений голубики содержание в листовой ткани фотосинтезирующих пигментов превышало таковое у виргинильных на фоне неоднозначных тенденций в изменении темпов их накопления. Наряду с этим выявлены существенные сдвиги в составе каротиноидного комплекса пластид, обусловленные чрезвычайно выраженной активизацией биосинтеза β-каротина при деградации ксантофиллов, усиливающейся с увеличением возраста растений, особенно у сорта Northland. У виргинильных растений интегральное стимулирующее действие удобрений на формирование пигментного фонда пластид проявилось только у сорта Northland при наибольшей эффективности внесения N 16 P 16 K 16 и наименьшей после обработки Наноплантом, при различии степени их позитивного влияния в 20,9 раза. Эффективность применения Экосила и Гидрогумата уступала таковой N 16 P 16 K 16 в 1,4 и 2,2 раза соответственно. У сорта Bluecrop незначительное позитивное влияние на содержание в листьях пластидных пигментов установлено только на фоне N 16 P 16 K 16 при абсолютном доминировании ингибирующего воздействия на него остальных видов удобрений. У растений, достигших половой зрелости, установлено существенное нивелирование сортовых различий в степени восприимчивости пигментного фонда пластид к использованию удобрений. В отличие от виргинильных растений, за счет более выраженной у генеративных растений активизации биосинтеза β-каротина совокупный эффект у обоих сортов голубики после внесения удобрений имел исключительно положительную направленность. Наиболее значительные позитивные изменения темпов накопления фотосинтезирующих пигментов у обоих сортов голубики обеспечивало внесение N 16 P 16 K 16 и Гидрогумата, тогда как наименьшие отмечены при обработке Наноплантом (у сорта Bluecrop) и Экосилом (у сорта Northland). Ключевые слова: хлорофилл, β-каротин, ксантофиллы, удобрения, регуляторы роста, голубика Для цитирования: Влияние удобрений и стимуляторов роста на содержание фотосинтезирующих пигментов в растениях голубики, культивируемых на выработанных торфяных месторождениях низинного типа / Ж. А. Рупасова [и др.] // Вес. Нац. aкад. навук Беларусі.
The results of a comparative study of the influence of mineral and organic fertilizers - N16P16K16, Nanoplant, Hydrohumate, and Ecosil - on the state of the antioxidant complex of early-ripening (Northcountry, Croaton) and mid-ripening (Bluecrop, Northland) varieties of tall blueberries in an experimental culture on a low-lying peat bog in the Central agroclimatic zone of Belarus are presented. A significant dependence of changes in the level of their antioxidant and enzymatic activity on the type of fertilizers and the genotype of plants is shown. In most varieties, the increase in mineral nutrition contributed to an increase in the antioxidant activity level up to 28 %, the most significant when using Nanoplant and Hydrogumate. Revealed a distinct antagonism in changing the activity of peroxidase and catalase, on the one hand, and polyphenol oxidase, on the other: it increases synchronously in the first pair of enzymes to 77 and 30 % in varieties Northcountry, 171 and 152 % in the variety Croaton, 137 and 182 % in the variety Bluecrop and to 122 % of varieties for the Northland, against a preferential decrease in the activity of polyphenol oxidase in 13-55 %.In most cases, the tested agricultural practices have contributed to raising the general level oxidase activity of blueberry fruit. Especially in Croaton and Bluecrop varieties, by 30-310 %, with the highest efficiency of organic fertilizers, especially Hydrohumate. Nanoplant treatments had an inhibitory effect on the general level oxidase activity in Northcountry and Northland varieties and a stimulating effect in Croaton and Bluecrop varieties.
The results of comparative study of current increment of vegetative sphere yearling and biennial of plants of a half-highbush blueberry Northland and Denise Blue at fertilizer application NPK-compound (N16P16K16) and of some microbial specimen – a liquid product of MaKloR in concentration of 10 and 50 % in test crop on recultivated cutover peatlands in article are resulted. It is positioned that tested agricultural methods have rendered the expressed promoting effect on formation of a current increment of vegetative sphere of plants of a blueberry. In the first year of fertilization the least efficacy is positioned for a variant with N16P16K16 which conceded to a drug of MaKloR in 1.1–1.5 times. Its productivity increased with concentration augmentation in 1.2–1.4 times, depending on a varietal accessory of plants and phylum of shoots. In the absence of varietal differences in degree of positive influence of microbial fertilizing of MaKloR on development of vegetative propagules, efficacy of its action, as well as N16P16K16, on development of generative propagules, in variety Denise Blue exceeded for kind Northland in 4.2–4.8 times.Positive influence of mineral and microbial fertilizing’s on a current increment of vegetative sphere of biennial plants of both variety of a blueberry essentially conceded to that annotinous, against conservation of its progressing magnification in process of strengthening of microbial fertilising of MaKloR. Thus productivity of action N16P16K16 on development of propagules in variety Northland, depending on their phylum, exceeded that microbial fertilising of MaKloR in 1.2–1.9 times, at variety Denise Blue – in 1.3–2.6 times. It is shown that against absence of the expressed varietal distinctions in degree of stimulating influence of fertilizings on development of vegetative shoots, efficacy of their action on development of generative shoots, unlike annual plants, at kind Denise Blue conceded that for kind Northland in 1.7–2.3 times.
It was found that among microbial products used to promote growth of American cranberry on peat-hag plots of Minsk (Zelyony Bor) and Vitebsk (Ramzhino) regions under different geothermal conditions the most favorable effect on soil biogenic potential, structure of microbiocenoses, the rate of mineralization processes and reduction of phytotoxicity was demonstrated by biopreparation MaCloR as the principal agent stimulating development of planted seedlings and nutrition of vegetating plants supplemented by preliminary agrotechnological application of soilenriching microbial fertilizers PolyFunKur and Polybact.
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