1083Cocos nucifera is a tropical coastal plant. The ethyl acetate fraction of its aqueous root extract stimulates erythropoiesis. This work aimed to evaluate the biological tolerance of this fraction. The extract fraction was administered to Wistar rats at a single dose of 2000 mg / kg body weight for Acute Oral Toxicity (OAT) or in daily doses of 200 mg / kg body weight for 28 days for Sub-Chronic Toxicity. (SCT), as recommended by the OECD. On day 0, then on day 14 for OAT and day 28 for SCT, the rats were weighed and their blood was collected for tests. The liver balance was assessed by measuring transaminases AST and ALT, kidney balance by uremia and creatinine level and immune status by blood leukocyte count. These analyzes were supplemented by the histology of the liver, kidneys and spleen, an immune organ. The weight of rats, the balance of liver, kidney and immunity as well as these organs histology were not affected by either acute oral or sub-chronic toxicity tests, suggesting a lack of toxicity in the extract fraction. The ethyl acetate fraction of the root water extract of Cocos nucifera did not reveal any acute or sub-chronic oral toxicity. This effect could be related to its richness in flavonoids that are antioxidants. The study of biological tolerance deserves to be continued by the chronic toxicity test and clinical trials.

Cocos nucifera was a coastal plant whose roots were used in pharmacopoeia to treat anemia in Benin. The aqueous extract from its roots stimulated the synthesis of hemoglobin. The aim of this work was to test in vivo the efficacy of the butanolic fraction of the extract in the treatment of anemia. Methods: Wistar rats were anemic with phenylhydrazine for two days. From D2 to D15, some were treated by gavage with the butanolic fraction of the aqueous extract of Cocos nucifera roots at the dose of 40 mg or 60 mg/kg of body weight/day, others were treated with vitafer (an anti-anemic drug) or with distilled water. The rats blood were collected on days D0, D2, D7, D10 and D15 for the complete blood count and the osmotic resistance of the red blood cells. Results: On D2, phenylhydrazine significantly lowered the hemoglobin level and the number of red blood cells, which were respectively corrected on D10 and D15 by the fraction of extract with release of hypochromic macrocytes. However, the effect was slower than that of the crude extract, was not specific to erythropoiesis because it also stimulated thrombopoiesis and was not dose-dependent. Conclusion: The butanolic fraction of the aqueous extract of Cocos nucifera roots corrected anemia by stimulation of hematopoiesis. The observed biological activity would probably be linked to anthocyanins which are mainly isolated by butanol. These results contribute to a better knowledge of bioactive compounds of our antianemic plants.