We evaluated the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and antitumor potential of a fraction that was isolated from Stryphnodendron adstringens (barbatimão) leaf aqueous extract. Fraction is composed by gallic acid, procyanidin dimer B1, and (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate and it exhibits antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Fraction was cytotoxic against two human breast cancer cell lines, ER (+) and MCF-7 and the triple-negative, MDA-MB-435. The sulforhodamine B assay showed that, as compared to normal control cells, the fraction significantly (P < 0.05) decreased cancer cell viability. The morphological alterations noted in the treated cancer cells were cell rounding-up, shrinkage, and nuclear condensation reduction of cell diameter and length. Treatment with fraction increased cancer cell expression of Bax, caspase-9, active caspase-3, caspase-8, LC-3, and beclin-1 and decreased Bcl-2, caspase-3, and pro-caspase-8 expression. Altogether, fraction is cytotoxic to both breast cancer cell lines, induces cell death, and its mechanism of action seems to include the induction of apoptosis. Our data support a positive role of the fraction as a chemopreventive agent for antineoplastic drug development.
The goal of the this study was to evaluate the mutagenic/antimutagenic effects of conventional (BRS133) and transgenic (BRS 245 RR) soybeans (CS and TS, respectively) in vivo using the bone marrow micronucleus (MN) test, histopathological analysis, chromosome aberration test (CAT), and mitotic index (MI) determination. Six-week-old male Swiss mice were fed with pelleted commercial diet mixed with CS or TS at 10% or 20%. Two experimental designs (MN and CAT) were conducted simultaneously with 10 groups each during a 15-day period. Animals were treated with pelleted commercial diet, CS (10% or 20%), or TS (10% or 20%), and on day 14 they also received cyclophosphamide (CP) (50 mg/kg i.p.). The 10% and 20% CS and TS diets did not significantly decrease the frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow induced by CP. However, the CAT indicated that the 10% and 20% CS diets significantly (P < .05) protected nucleated bone marrow cells against chemical-induced mutagenesis and also produced a significant (P < .05) decrease in the total percentage of spontaneous aberrations. Among the treatments with TS, only the 10% TS diet reduced the percentage of total aberrations induced by CP. The results also indicated that the treatment with 20% TS alone significantly (P < .05) decreased the MI, indicating cytotoxic effects related to the treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that, under the tested conditions, TS and CS have antimutagenic properties and are not toxic.
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