We study theoretically the processes which take place in a relativistic backward-wave oscillator (BWO) in the parameter region corresponding to hard excitation of oscillations. The onset of both stationary oscillations near the boundary of the hard excitation regime and hard nonstationary oscillations realizing the self-modulation regimes of BWO operation are analyzed along with the dynamics of a BWO-based amplifier. In particular, it is shown that hard excitation of selfoscillation can restrict significantly the output characteristics of a relativistic BWO operated in the regenerative-amplification regime.
621.385.6 We study operation of a relativistic backward-wave oscillator driven by an external electromagnetic signal. Such operation regimes as hard excitation of self-oscillations and amplification of the external signal are implemented experimentally. The conditions for possible synchronization of the relativistic backward-wave oscillator by an external signal is discussed. The possibility of accelerating the onset of oscillations by the action of an external signal is confirmed experimentally. The conditions of realization of the amplification regime and the main effects, which limit the amplification coefficient, are determined. The obtained results can be used to optimize the parameters of generators and amplifiers based on relativistic backward-wave oscillators.
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