T h e casual in v estig a tio n s m ade so far in forests of th e tem perate zone th erefore do n ot a llo w a detailed an alysis of Micromammalia com m u n ities in forest b iotop es to be m ade. N or is it p o ssib le to com pare the com m u n ities o f d ifferen t b iotop es, nor to ex a m in e geographical variation in the com m u n ities of sim ilar b iotop es, nor to d efin e the role of d ifferen t sp ecies in the com m u n ities in d ifferen t b iotop es. In order to ex clu d e factors contributing to contam ination of com m u n ities by sp eciesalien to a g iv en biotope, in v estig a tio n m ust be carried out in large stretch es o f n a tural or n early natural forest, by a standard m eth od , and over a long period of tim e to elim in a te season al and y early variation.T he purpose of the p resent study, is to analyse com m unities of g ro u n d -dw elling M icrom am m alia in varied n a tu ra l biotopes w ithin the ex ten sive Białow ieża P rim eval Forest.A group of populations of sm all Insectiora and Rodentia, w hose q u a n tita tiv e com position and dom inance relations a re determ ined by h a b ita t factors and in te r-and intra-species relations, w ere considered as a com m u n ity of ground-dw elling M icromam malia. Com m unities w ere consi dered d iffe re n t w hen they differed from each o ther in q u a n tita tiv e and q u a lita tiv e relations and in dom inance stru c tu re , w hich in tu rn reflects th e action of ecological factors on the group of M icrom am m alia. P a rtic u la r atten tio n was paid to the problem s of biotope preference exhibited by d iffe re n t M icromam malia and also to variations in th e p re ference index over a period of several years. D om inance of d ifferen t species of sm all m am m als in th e com m unities and variations in such dom inance over a long period w ere also studied. The relativ e densities of M icrom am m alia in d ifferent biotopes w ere assessed, as also w ere v ariations in com m unities over a long period. E xam ination w as also m ade of the effect of some h a b ita t factors on q u alitativ e variations in th e com m unities. ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF THE BIOTO PES ST U D IE DThe biotopes of the Białow ieża N ational P a rk used in this study have been dealt w ith in m any scientific papers, w hich contain detailed an a- lyses of h a b ita t factors. The following description includes those publish ed results w hich could be of significance to th e epigeic com m unities of M icromam malia. V egetationW hen settin g up long-term trapping areas in th e BN P, Karpiński chose th e m ost typical stretch es of the biotopes he distinguished. A t th at tim e th ere w ere no detailed phytosociological descriptions of the BN P associations. These w ere not m ade until later, by Matuszkiewicz (1952). Biotopes distinguished by Karpiński (1949) (/-VII), one contam inated association (i/Ja) and two associations in the in terio r of th e forest (V III an d IX). One of the forest associations is a com plex association (IV). In addition, ...
L'auteur a etudie la reproduction de Tatera /. indica dans le desert du Rajasthan en piegeant chaque mois tout au long d'une annee, ä Bikaner. Pendant la saison de la mousson la proportion des femelies pleines est tres forte (61%). Une femelle pent avoir en moyenne 17,72 jeunes par an. II semble qu'il y ait une forte mortality chez les males & l'&ge oü ils atteignent la maturity sexuelle. Les testicules de la plopart des males rdgrfcssent de septembre a Janvier. Les femelies sont sexnellement mures quand elles atteignent Tage de 10 a 12 semaines et un poids de 70 ä 75 gr, les males, Page de 12 a 14 semaines et un poids de 105 ä 110 gr.
S U M M A R Y Two rodents, Tatera indica indica Hardwicke and Meriones hurrianae Jerdon, developed aversion to zinc phosphide after one day's exposure to a sublethal dose. The poison shyness persisted for at least I 15 and 35 days, respectively.
Because global climate change results in increasingly extreme temperatures and more frequent droughts, behavioral thermoregulation is one avenue by which species may adjust. Changes in activity patterns in response to temperature have been observed in a number of mammal species, but rarely have been investigated in humid tropical habitats. Here we examine the relationship between activity patterns and microclimate temperatures for white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari, Tayassuidae, Cetartiodactyla) in four distinct biomes—the Cerrado, the Pantanal, the Atlantic Forest, and the Amazon. From 2013 to 2017, we monitored 30 white-lipped peccaries fitted with GPS collars that included accelerometers and temperature sensors. White-lipped peccaries were primarily diurnal, with peaks of activity in the morning and late afternoon, except in the Amazon where activity was high throughout the day. Total time active did not vary seasonally. White-lipped peccaries were significantly less likely to be active as temperatures increased, with the probability of being active decreasing by >49% in all biomes between 30 and 40°C. Our findings indicate that white-lipped peccaries are likely to be adversely impacted by rising temperatures, through being forced to reduce foraging time during their prime active periods.
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