Chemical speciation was carried out on trace and rare earth elements on trace and rare earth elements data on water samples in Oban Massif and Mamfe Mbayment southeastern Nigeria. Product moment correlation showed significant correlation at r>0.7 between REEs Pr and Nd, Pr and Lu, Sm and Nd, Sm and Pr, Tb and Nd, Tm and Tb, and Yb and Nd. Speciation modeling result showed that free metal ionic species dominated boreholes and spring water samples. The predominant trace metal complex is the OH-ligand. Trace elements mineral saturation indexes in boreholes at oversaturation (S>1) predicted more mineral species than equilibrium saturation (S=0). Rare earth elements mineral oversaturation (S>1) in boreholes predicted least mineral species. Undersaturation (S<1) predicted highest range of rare earth elements minerals. Springs and streams at S>1, predicted more mineral range than equilibrium (S=O) while mineral prediction at S<1 were the highest. Rare earth elements are precipitated at undersaturated condition in the study area.
Lithofacies succession and palynomorph data trends in BIMOL-1 well in the northwestern Niger Delta Basin have been investigated in order to unravel paleoclimatic influence on paleo-sealevel change and facies evolution. Eight lithologic cycles composed of sand and shale were identified. Miospore speciation revealed forty two miospore form species and ten dinoflagellate cyst species. Miospore and dinocyst trends revealed six climate driven sea level cycles that influenced sedimentation and facies distribution and characteristics. Miospore age determination of the succession revealed L-Eocene to L-Oligocene age range. Nine wet and eight dry climate driven transgressive and regressive events were identified, corresponding to sea level rise and to sea level fall correspondingly. Dry climate occasioned continental progradation that generated thick sand intervals, while wet climate triggered sea level rise, generating thinner sand bodies as transgressive sand reservoirs. Seven high stands (HSTs), eight transgressive (TSTs) and eight lowstand (LSTs) systems tracts, distributed within nine sequences were identified.
Grain size distribution, pebble morphometry and petrographic analyses were carried out on samples collected from Mamfe Formation, Ikom-Mamfe Embayment, southeastern Nigeria to determine textural parameters, provenance and paleoenvironment. The results from grain size analysis show that mean grain size, inclusive standard deviation, graphic skewness and kurtosis yielded average values of 0.94ɸ, 1.30ɸ, 0.1, and 1.20 respectively. These results show that the sandstones have representatives of fine to coarse grain sizes; they are poorly sorted with dominance positively skewed suggesting a fluvial origin for the sediments. Bivariate analysis also infers that the
Original Research Article
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