The aim of the study was to present the concepts of water reclamation and development of post-mining areas of the Adamów Lignite Mine following the termination of its excavating operation. The reclamation procedures will accelerate the process of restoring the devastated post-mining area to the natural environment and, above all, will contribute to the increase in local water resources. Several water reservoirs with different surface areas and capacities within the final excavations of opencasts were created. The reservoirs are used for water retention, recreation, melioration and flood control purposes, as well as for depositing overburden from other opencast excavations. In total, the construction of 5 water reservoirs will include 4 weirs, 7 monks and 3 culverts with damming as well as a number of kilometres of inflow and outflow channels. The schedule of works and expenditures of the investment amounts to PLN 14,509,512 and is divided into 5 stages, not only covering the construction of the reservoirs, but also the water and drainage infrastructure necessary for their proper operation. All constructed and planned water reservoirs (Przykona, Janiszew, Koźmin, Głowy, Adamów, Koźmin Końcowy and Władysławów) will become new permanent elements of the landscape and the hydrographic network, coupled with the catchment system of the Warta River. They will allow for an increase in the retention capacity of the Adamów Lignite Mine area from the previous 32.3 million m 3 to 219.6 million m 3 in the perspective of 2023. They will improve the microclimate of postmining areas and have a positive impact on the lands created as a result of reclamation. They will provide retention for the irrigation of adjacent agricultural areas and help reduce the economic and natural losses caused by flooding. They will open recreational opportunities for the residents of the surrounding areas, characterized by water shortages. The post-mining reservoirs, formed during mining operations, fit perfectly into the Small Retention Program. The existing and planned water bodies are the best proof confirming that the decisions taken in the field of reclamation for water purposes were right. As practice shows, the landscape shaping during the exploitation of lignite is a great opportunity for the post-mining region to create reservoirs in the places where they do not occur in nature.
Small midfield ponds have important functions in the hydrology and ecology of hummocky areas of Poland. Because of their sensitivity to meteorological conditions, their number and hydroperiod are altered as a result of climate changes and agriculture pressure. Accurate estimation of the pond area and storage capacities requires upto-date high-resolution elevation data. In this paper, we developed 0.2 m and 1.0 m bare-earth DEMs from LiDAR data and compared them with DEMs obtained from old bathymetric maps. Then, we calculated A-h and V-h relations and compared them with the relations derived from simplified models describing the pond shape. The analyses showed that LiDAR data are also useful for detecting changes in the ponds morphometry.
The paper presents the genesis of village borders’ shape formed in the Middle Ages and presents rules according to which demarcations were made. The hypothesis that the borders formed in the Middle Ages had a shape similar to a circle or segment of a circle was accepted. This hypothesis was confirmed by geometric analysis of borders from that period. Geometric elements of the boundaries were calculated: types of arcs, their radii, lengths and central angles. The center of the newly granted area was analyzed, as this location played a major role in the delineation of the boundary. Accuracy of measurements was determined and influence of errors on the presented results was analyzed. Wielkopolska was chosen as the research area because natural conditions had no influence on the shape of the borders. The starting materials were topographic maps in the scale of 1:25,000 (Messtischblätter) from the years 1887–1890. The research confirmed the hypothesis of a circular shape of borders formed in the Middle Ages in the studied area. In the original allocations, the area took the shape of a circle, which was a specific pattern for the villages to be founded. Later, as the settlement developed, the villages took on the shapes of circle segments. Considering the demarcation technique, the accuracy of the boundary staking was high. The deviation from a perfect circle did not exceed approximately ± 60 m, and the length of the arc radius varied between 1500 and 2200 m. The historical village boundaries from medieval times, preserved to this day in their residual form, have a historic character due to their antiquity and should be protected.
Gospodarka wodno-ściekowa jest jednym z najistotniejszych elementów polityki ekologicznej i gospodarczej Polski [Sender 2016]. Jedną z podstawowych zasad sformułowanych w usta-wie Prawo wodne z dnia 18 lipca 2001 r. jest zasada mówiąca o konieczności jednoczesnego rozwiązania problemów zaopatrzenia ludności w wodę do picia z problemami gospodarki ściekowej [
StreszczenieTurystyka jest czynnikiem stymulującym rozwój regionalny i lokalny. Na poziomie gminy jej znaczenie jest tym większe, im atrakcyjniejszy produkt turystyczny oferuje dana jednostka. W pracy atrakcyjność turystyczną określono na podstawie taksonomicznego miernika Hellwiga, zaś znaczenie sektora turystycznego w lokalnej gospodarce na podstawie udziału podmiotów działających w obszarze turystyki w liczbie podmiotów ogółem. Gminy o największej atrakcyjności turystycznej znajdują się w południowej części województwa podkarpackiego, w szczególności w Bieszczadach. Właśnie tam jest najwyższy odsetek podmiotów funkcjonujących w branży turystycznej.Słowa kluczowe: turystyka, produkt turystyczny, gospodarka lokalna, metoda Hellwiga WprowadzenieTransformacja ustrojowa w Polsce zmieniła postrzeganie turystyki, która zaczęła być traktowana jako zjawisko ekonomiczne. Reforma samorządowa oraz procesy prywatyzacji wyeksponowały znaczenie turystyki w rozwoju gospodarki regional-
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