Despite the development and implementation of vaccines in various countries of the world, COVID-19 remains a significant medical and social problem. This is directly related to the characteristic feature of SARS-CoV-2 to form new strains, which reduces the effectiveness of vaccination. In connection with the foregoing, the priority in the prevention of COVID-19 is to improve and maintain the normal functioning of the human immune system. Recently, more and more scientists have noted the significant role of micronutrients in ensuring immune function. However, most research focuses on micronutrients such as zinc, selenium, iron and copper, while it is known that the balance of micronutrients depends on all its constituents. Consequently, any change in the content of one mineral substance can affect the level of others, leading to an imbalance of trace elements in the body. The aim of this work was to analyze literature data on less studied microelements in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, both essential and toxic, that can affect the state of the immune system and, as a result, the incidence and risk of complications and adverse outcomes in COVID-19. An analysis of the literature on the effect of manganese, chromium, iodine, cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenic and lithium on human antiviral protection, including in the case of a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, showed that the determination of the microelement status, taking into account the above microelements and, with necessary, the appointment of preparations containing minerals is promising for the purpose of prevention and as an additional therapy for COVID-19.
Since 2020, the world has been living in the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This situation is due to the high virulence and prevalence of the virus, which has reached epidemic proportions in recent years. Hemostasis disorders are the main marker and prognosis of the severe course of the disease. The virus in the body of a patient with COVID-19 triggers a pathophysiological chain reaction, which, in turn, will lead to the development of a cytokine storm, a disorder in the hemostasis system, and the development of multiple organ disorders. The purpose of the study: to determine and study the influence of various factors on the characteristics of hemostasis in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. The object of the study were patients with moderate and severe forms of the disease. The following methods were used in the study: standard laboratory diagnostics and hair mineralogram. Results. Moderate and severe courses have clear laboratory markers, with a high probability of developing thrombotic complications, especially in conditions of deficiency of such minerals as zinc, selenium, iron, copper, bismuth, and aluminum, which have immunoregulatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and hemostatic properties, as well as reduce the risk of secondary infection. Conclusions. The results of the study suggest the importance of using minerals and emphasize the significance of using minerals in patients at the very beginning of the disease in order to strengthen the main physiological systems in case of laboratory-confirmed deficiency.
Introduction. Factors affecting the severity of the course of a new coronavirus infection remain unexplored to the endAim. To study the factors associated with the transition of COVID-19 from moderate to severe form of the disease in patients undergoing inpatient treatmentMaterials and methods. The diagnosis of COVID-19-associated pneumonia was made by a clinician on the basis of PCR test data and an up-to-date chest CT scan. A total of 195 consecutively recruited patients were examined. The average age of the surveyed was 54 (12.1) years.Results. Significantly more patients with severe coronavirus infection at the time of hospitalization were active tobacco smokers (33 (29.73%) vs 67 (79.6%); p < 0.002) and had a BMI consistent with pre-obesity/obesity (42 (37.84%) vs 44 (52.38%); p = 0.027). In patients with severe COVID-19, a significantly higher content of leukocytes was noted in the complete blood count (6.054 (2.813) vs 7.307 (4.707); p = 0.021). The groups also differed significantly in the content of micro- and macroelements. The imbalance of minerals revealed in our study is published for the first time, because. The study of the content of Al, B, Li, Co, Sr and Si in patients with COVID-19 was not carried out.Conclusion. The revealed changes in the microelement status require further study to confirm their significance in the development of a severe form of a new coronavirus infection in patients.
The whole world has been living in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus for more than 2 years. Despite the unprecedented measures aimed at finding new means of prevention and treatment, the development and implementation of vaccines, COVID-19 continues to be a significant medical and social problem. This is due to the peculiarity of SARS-CoV-2 to constant changes in the virus as a result of mutations and the formation of new strains. It affects the effectiveness of vaccination and treatment, necessitating preventive measures, primarily aimed at maintaining the normal functioning of the immune system that protects the host from various pathogens, including viruses. An important role in the state of the immune system is played by some micronutrients, which include zinc, selenium, iron and copper. Zinc and selenium have pronounced immunoregulatory, antioxidant and antiviral properties, iron is necessary for the growth and development of some cells of the immune system, and copper, in addition to its antiviral effect, reduces the risk of secondary infection in viral diseases. At the same time, according to the literature, more than 2 billion people in the world suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. In addition, there is often a combined deficiency of minerals, which necessitates its diagnosis and correction. Most of the studies we analyzed emphasize the importance of using micronutrients in people at risk, as well as in patients at the very beginning of the disease, in order to strengthen the immune system in the condition of a laboratory-confirmed deficiency.
Objective. Imbalance of vitamin and mineral substances is considered as one of the leading functional conditions in patients with post-COVID syndrome.Materials and Methods. Тotal of 195 consecutively recruited patients were examined. The average age of the surveyed was 54 (12.1) years. After discharge from the hospital, patients were randomly recommended four rehabilitation regimens: Group A - standard rehabilitation, mainly including anticoagulant therapy (n = 47); Group B - where, in addition to standard methods, vitamin preparations were administered (n = 49); Group C - where, in addition to standard methods, mineral preparations were administered (n = 48); Group D - where, in addition to standard methods, vitamins and mineral preparations were administered (n = 51). The quality of life was assessed using the scales of the SF-36 questionnaire.Results. Patients with severe COVID-19 had a lower quality of life on admission and discharge from the hospital than those with moderate disease. Rehabilitation activities within 6 months after an acute coronavirus infection, the quality of life was increased by 10-20%. The most pronounced result was observed in patients of group D, who used trace elements in combination with vitamins.Conclusion. Intake of vitamin-mineral complexes into rehabilitation regimens improves the quality of life of patients with post-COVID syndrome.
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