Background. As is known, the modeling of chronic renal failure against the background of diabetic nephropathy is associated with the need to maximally approximate the conditions for its reproduction to the clinical one. Based on the foregoing, the priority in the reproduction of chronic renal failure should come from the modeling of diabetes mellitus, in particular diabetic nephropathy. Purpose To develop an experimental model of chronic renal failure against the background of diabetic nephropathy. Methods. Experimental studies were carried out on rabbits with the choice of the optimal method from 5 series of experiments. The evaluation was carried out according to the abortive course of the process, the development of hyperglycemic coma, the presence of angiodillation and the reproducibility of the model. For morphological studies, tissue samples in the form of pieces of kidney tissue were taken by performing an operation under ether anesthesia. Results. The 3 stages of nephropathy identified by us during the experiment (I - minor, II - moderate and III - severe) testified to the choice of terms for modeling chronic renal failure. The main criteria for a possible period of transition from nephropathy to the development of chronic renal failure is the presence of hyalinosis of microvessels with thickening of the membranes, which indicated the occurrence of irreversible angiogenic changes. This period is defined by us as 40 days of modeling diabetic nephropathy. Conclusion. In the development of chronic renal failure in a model with diabetic nephropathy, both the lack of expression of the angiogenic factor VEGF by podocytes and tubular epithelial cells and the increased expression of the antiangiogenic factor thrombospondin-1 in the renal glomeruli and interstitium play a certain role in the disruption of angiogenesis. Thrombospondin-1 inhibits the proliferation of endothelial cells stimulated by VEGF and oFRF, causing their apoptosis. As a result, the density of glomerular and peritubular capillaries decreases, glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis develop.
Suppurative diseases of the lungs are topical issues of pulmonology that require detailed study due to the difficulties of diagnosis and high mortality of patients. This is due to several objective and subjective reasons such as the widespread use of antibioticresistant microflora, which is especially important when antibiotics are prescribed unreasonably, even with a mild form of COVID − 19. This, of course, affects COVID patients, who already have reduced immunity. The question of the exact mechanism of development of purulent complications of the lungs after or during infection with COVID − 19 remains open. Clinical and radiological signs of a lung abscess often resemble the symptoms of pneumonia; however, antibacterial, and symptomatic therapy have differences. With gangrene of the lung, the increase in intoxication syndrome can be gradual, which reduces the doctor's alertness regarding the most severe disease and causes inadequate therapy. Comprehensive diagnostic measures, knowledge of the main clinical, instrumental and laboratory parameters are necessary for all physicians.
Background. Purulent-destructive lung diseases remain a priority among the causes of generalized infection and death. The key to the progression of infection in acute lung abscesses may be associated with impaired barrier-filtration function of this organ, which is based on endothelial dysfunction. Methods. The experiments were carried out on 32 Chinchilla rabbits, in which the model of acute lung abscess was reproduced. Investigated in blood samples at the entrance and exit from the lungs, such indicators as nitrates, nitrites, peroxynitrite, NO-synthase and von Willebrand factor. Conclusion. Nitric oxide produced because of iNOS activation is intended for non-specific protection of the body against a wide range of pathogenic agents, inhibits platelet aggregation and improves local blood circulation. However, these changes do not occur. The main role in this direction is assigned to peroxynitrite, which, due to its pathogenicity, worsens the already process associated with endothelial dysfunction. The nature of the changes in the parameters of the nitroxidergic regulation of the endothelial system in the lungs has a staging: compensated and decompensated. All this is of a natural nature, based on certain relationships between the indicators of the nitroxidergic regulation system.
Background . Purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues in patients with diabetes mellitus proceeds quite aggressively and, according to the standards, characteristic of acute infections of soft tissues without diabetes mellitus, can inconsistently affect the fate of patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study was to study the features of the cytological picture of wounds in patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues on the background of diabetes mellitus after the use of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor. Methods . In 132 patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues on the background of diabetes mellitus, cytological studies of the wound were performed. The background materials of the cytological preparation were detritus, small protein grains, fat drops, crystals, hematoidin, cholesterol, etc. The cytological material was stained with azure-eosin mixtures. Conclusion . The results obtained indicate that along with cellular elements in the morphology of the wound in patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues against the background of diabetes mellitus, other representatives of the cytological picture also play a significant role. The results of a cytological study of smears-imprints of a purulent-inflammatory wound of soft tissues in patients with diabetes mellitus showed that the microscopic picture of the smear was characterized, first, by the presence of a microbial factor in combination with background elements. Under the influence of the preparation of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor in patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues against the background of diabetes mellitus, it increases the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes, and increases their phagocytic activity in the wound.
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