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The number of houses damaged or destroyed after disasters is frequently large, and re-housing of homeless people is one of the most important tasks of reconstruction programs. Reconstruction works often last long, and during that time, it is essential to provide victims with the minimum conditions to live with dignity, privacy, and protection. This research intends to demonstrate the crucial role of temporary accommodation buildings to provide spaces where people can live and gradually resume their life until they have a permanent house. The study also aims to identify the main problems of temporary accommodation strategies and to discuss some principles and guidelines in order to reach better design solutions. It is found that temporary accommodation is an issue that goes beyond the simple provision of buildings, since the whole space for temporary settlement is important. Likewise, temporary accommodation is a process that should start before a disaster occurs, as a preventive pre-planning. In spite of being temporary constructions, these housing buildings are one of the most important elements to provide in emergency scenarios, contributing for better recovery and reconstruction actions.

Resumen-En numerosos detalles estructurales de construcciones realizadas con madera, el esfuerzo de compresión transversal a las fibras juega un papel muy importante y en muchas ocasiones condiciona su diseño. En este trabajo se analiza el comportamiento a compresión de piezas de madera de pino silvestre de pequeña escuadría sometidas a un esfuerzo de compresión transversal a las fibras y se han obtenido unos valores medios para la tensión de rotura y el módulo de elasticidad de 4,20 MPa y 305,86 MPa, respectivamente.Palabras clave-Madera; construcción; esfuerzo de compresión; deformación.Abstract-In many structural details of buildings made of wood, the transverse compression stress to the fibers plays a very important role and often determines its design. In this work, the compression behavior of small pine wood pieces subjected to a cross -compressive stress to the fibers is analyzed and mean values for the tensile strength and the modulus of elasticity of 4,20 MPa and 305.86 MPa, respectively.

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The structural safety and behaviour of traditional timber structures depends significantly on the performance of their connections. The behaviour of a traditional mortise and tenon timber joint is addressed using physical testing of full-scale specimens. New chestnut wood and old chestnut wood obtained from structural elements belonging to ancient buildings is used. In addition, the performance of different semi and non-destructive techniques for assessing global strength is also evaluated. For this purpose, ultrasonic testing, micro-drilling and surface penetration are considered, and the possibility of their application is discussed based on the application of simple linear regression models. Finally, nonlinear finite element analysis is used to better understand the behaviour observed in the full-scale experiments, in terms of failure mode and ultimate load. The results show that the ultrasonic pulse velocity through the joint provides a reasonable estimate for the effectiveness of the assembly between the rafter and brace and novel linear regressions are proposed. The failure mechanism and load-displacement diagrams observed in the experiments are well captured by the proposed non-linear finite element analysis, and the parameters that affect mostly the ultimate load of the timber joint are the compressive strength of wood perpendicular to the grain and the normal stiffness of the interface elements representing the contact between rafter and brace. Keywords Ancient timber structures Á Chestnut wood Á Semi and Non-destructive methods Á Pilodyn Á Resistograph Á Ultrasonic testing Á Experimental testing Á Finite element analysis Á Nonlinear mechanics