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Variety approaches are being used to interpret the concealed variables that determine the variance of observed water quality of various source points. A considerable proportion of these approaches are statistical methods, multivariate statistical techniques in particular. The use of multivariate statistical technique(s) is/are required when the number of variables is large and greater than two for easy and robust evaluation. By means of multivariate statistics of principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), this study attempted to determine major factors responsible for the variations in the quality of 30 surface ponds used for domestic purposes in six (6) selected communities of Akoko Northeast LGA, Ondo State, Nigeria. The samples' locations were classified into mutually exclusive unknown groups that share similar characteristics/properties. The laboratory results of 20 parameters comprising 6 physicals, 8 chemicals, 4 heavy metals and 2 microbial from the sampled springs were subjected to PCA and CA for further interpretation. The result shows that 5 components account for 97.52% of total variance of the surface spring quality while 2 cluster groups were identified for the locations. Based on the parameters concentrations and the land uses impacts, it was concluded that domestic and agricultural waste strongly influenced the variation and the quality of ponds in the area.

Urbanized landscapes are known to have relatively high atmospheric pollutants due to high concentration of anthropogenic activities. This paper therefore examines the spatial and temporal variations of the physico-chemical properties of rainwater at the core, intermediate and urban fringe of Benin City. Rainwater samples were collected at 2 locations each at the core (Ring Road and Forestry), intermediate (Airport Road and Upper Mission) and urban fringe (Ikpoba Hill and Ogba) in the months of March and July, 2016. The physico-chemical properties of the rainwater differed significantly at the core, intermediate and urban fringe between the months of March and July with t-statistics of 3.029, 3.737 and 2.764 (p < 0.05) respectively. The difference in rainwater properties among the core, intermediate and urban fringe zones were insignificant in the months of March and July. With the exceptions of colour, turbidity, P and Fe in the month of March and P and Fe in the month of July, rainwater properties from the three locations, where WHO guidelines for drinking water is applicable, were within permissible limits. Water quality was excellent at the core, intermediate and urban in the month of July while it was excellent at the intermediate and urban fringe and good at the core in the month of March. Findings suggest that besides the role of rainfall amount in atmospheric cleansing, other factors such as wind profile and direction and atmospheric stagnation also play critical influence on rainwater quality. ResuméOn sait que les paysages urbanisés présentent des polluants atmosphériques relativement élevés en raison de la concentration élevée d'activités anthropiques. Cet article examine donc les variations spatio-temporelles des propriétés physico-chimiques de l'eau de pluie à la périphérie centrale, intermédiaire et urbaine de Benin City. Des échantillons d'eau de pluie ont été collectés à deux endroits situés respectivement aux quartiers centraux (Route Périphérique et Forêt), intermédiaires (Route Aéroportuaire et Upper Mission) et urbains (Ikpoba Hill et Ogba) en mars et juillet 2016. Les propriétés physico-chimiques des eaux pluviales différaient significativement aux franges centrales, intermédiaires et urbaines entre les mois de mars et juillet avec des statistiques t de 3,029, 3,737 et 2,764 (p <0,05) respectivement. La différence de propriétés des eaux de pluie entre les zones centrales, intermédiaires et urbaines était insignifiante aux mois de mars et juillet. À l'exception de la couleur, de la turbidité, du P et du Fe au mois de mars et du P et du Fe au mois de juillet, les propriétés des eaux de pluie des trois sites, où les directives de l'OMS pour l'eau potable sont applicables, étaient dans les limites permises. La qualité de l'eau était excellente au centre, intermédiaire et urbaine au mois de juillet, tandis qu'elle était excellente à la périphérie intermédiaire et urbaine et bonne au centre au mois de mars. Les résultats suggèrent qu'outre le rôle de la quantité de pluie dans le nettoyage atmosphéri...

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