The effect of theGarciniaKola Seed Meal (GKSM) on the spermatozoa attributes and scrotal characteristics of West African dwarf rams was assessed in a 16 week study. Twelve West Africa dwarf rams weighing between 12.50 and 13.80kg were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Rams were fed experimental diets for 16 weeks. The diets included; 0% GKSM, 2.5 % GKSM, 5.0% GKSM and 7.5% GKSM inclusion levels as treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Each treatment had three replicates while semen was collected once from all replicates in the treatments using electro ejaculator and assessed for semen colour, semen pH, semen temperature, sperm concentration, mass activity, sperm motility and live sperm cells. The results showed that scrotal circumference ranged from 18.16 to 21.00cm and scrotal length from 8.60 to 10.30cm but did not differ significantly (p >0.05) across treatments. Sperm motility (80.00 – 84.16 %) and sperm volume (0.29 – 0.43 mL) were not significantly different (p >0.05). Rams on treatment I had the highest sperm concentration of 2.59 x 10 . Despite the reproductive potential benefits of Garicinia kola, the inclusion of GKSM up to 7.5% in the diets of rams used in this study did not have any direct or adverse effects on the sperm motility, live sperm cells, sperm volume, and scrotal characteristics of West Africand warf rams.
A sixteen weeks feeding trialwas conducted to evaluate the effect of different cooking periods of Kenafseed (Hibiscus cannabinusL.) meal on the performance and egg quality parameters of Japanese quailusing 150 seven weeks old growing quail. The birds were randomly divided into five dietary treatment of 30 birds per treatment (i.e.10 birds per replicate). They were fed five experimental diets containing 0% and 10% of the variously processed kenaf seed meal (control, raw kenaf seed meal, 15 minutes cooking period, 20 minutes cooking period and 25 minutes cooking period) designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. Data were collected on feed intake, daily egg production, external and internal egg quality parameters. Initial body weight, final body weight, average feed consumed per bird, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, shell weight, percentage shell thickness, shell surface area, yolk weight, yolk index, albumen weight, albumen percentage and Haugh unit were not significantly(P>0.05) different. However, significant (P<0.05) differences were observed for weight gain (0.53 – 0.55 kg), hen day production (47.29 – 53.24 %), shell thickness (0.64 0.79mm) and yolk percentage (1.373.25%). It was concluded that kenaf seeds when cooked for 15 minutes can be used at 10% level of inclusion in the diets of laying Japanese quails.
The effectiveness of physical planning is a function of developers’ level of compliance with Physical development regulations provided by the planning authorities in charge of development control. This paper assessed the level of building compliance to road setback regulations and examined the pattern of encroachment on major roads in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria using GIS and Remote Sensing. Ikonos 2019 of the study area was vectorised to identify contravention within the setback zone on seven major roads in the study area. The questionnaire was also used to examine residents’ level of awareness of development control in the study area. The findings showed that six thousand two hundred and eighty-four (6284) buildings contravened the road setback regulation along the federal and state roads with most of them concentrated in the centre of the city. The majority (3975) of the contravened structures were permanent while 2309 of the buildings were temporary structures representing 63.3% and 36.7% respectively. It was also revealed that the contraventions were linearly patterned along the roads in the study area. The majority (63.5%) of the respondents were aware of development control regulations but the situation of compliance with road setbacks was low. It is therefore recommended the government should provide adequate support for the local planning authorities in terms of adopting modern geospatial based techniques for physical development monitoring and control. L’efficacité de la planification physique est fonction du niveau de conformité des promoteurs aux règlements d’aménagement physique fournis par les autorités de planification en charge du contrôle de l’aménagement. Ce document a évalué le niveau de conformité des bâtiments aux réglementations sur les marges de recul des routes et a examiné le modèle d’empiètement sur les routes principales à Ile-Ife, dans l’État d’Osun, au Nigéria, à l’aide des SIG et de la télédétection. Ikonos 2019 de la zone d’étude a été vectorisé pour identifier les contraventions dans la zone de recul sur sept routes principales de la zone d’étude. Le questionnaire a également été utilisé pour examiner le niveau de sensibilisation des résidents au contrôle du développement dans la zone d’étude. Les résultats ont montré que six mille deux cent quatre-vingt-quatre (6284) bâtiments contrevenaient à la réglementation sur les reculs de route le long des routes fédérales et d’État, la plupart d’entre eux étant concentrés au centre de la ville. La majorité (3975) des structures contrevenues étaient permanentes tandis que 2309 des bâtiments étaient des structures temporaires représentant respectivement 63,3 % et 36,7 %. Il a également été révélé que les contraventions étaient tracées de façon linéaire le long des routes dans la zone d’étude. La majorité (63,5 %) des répondants connaissaient la réglementation sur le contrôle de l’aménagement, mais la situation de conformité aux reculs routiers était faible. Il est donc recommandé au gouvernement de fournir un soutien adéquat aux autorités locales de planification en termes d’adoption de techniques géospatiales modernes pour la surveillance et le contrôle du développement physique.
Mixture of bovine blood and rumen digesta (BBRDM) was evaluated for 56 days as a replacement for soybean meal (SBM) and groundnut cake (GNC) at 100% on protein to protein basis in the diets of growing pigs to assess the nutritive value of BBRDM on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and cost benefits. Hence, a total of 18 growing pigs were allotted on weight equalization basis into three dietary treatments consisting of six pigs per treatment in a completely randomized design. Three diets were formulated such that T : served as the control diet without BBRDM but contained both soybean meal and 1 groundnut cake. T : BBRDM replaced soybean meal and T : BBRDM replaced groundnut 2 3 cake. Result indicated that BBRDM contained 28.65% crude protein, 13.17% ether extract, 5.26% crude fibre, 11.29% ash and 31.65% nitrogen free extract. Dietary treatments did not significantly (P>0.05) influenced the growth parameters observed in this study. Although there were no significant (P>0.05) difference on the nutrient digestibility parameters investigated but birds in T recorded highest numerical values for crude protein (77.23), 3 crude fibre (62.46%), ether extract (92.33%), nitrogen free extract (89.61%), ash (70.28%) and nutrient dry matter (91.67%) while the least values were obtained from birds in T . Cost 1 of feed decreased with the inclusion of BBRDM while the cost per weight gain also improved with the replacement of the conventional feed ingredients. The result also showed that an appreciable amount of money was saved when BBRDM was included in the ration of growing pigs. It is therefore concluded that BBRDM could be used as an animal protein source to compliment plant protein source such as soybean meal and groundnut cake in the diet of growing pigs.
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