Use of skin patches is an innovative, practical and promising approach for transdermal medicine delivery. Two sets of experiments were performed using a Franz diffusion cell [FC] apparatus and an animal model to study the passage of the essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia and Valencia orange from a gum-karaya hydrocolloid patch through the skin. Findings from the FC model revealed steady-state fluxes from the patch to the medium of 1.9 × 10 -4 mg . cm -2 h -1 for d-limonene, a component of orange essential oil, and 0.018 and 4.3 × 10 -4 mg . cm -2 h -1 for the lavender components linalool and camphor, respectively. When a lavender and almond oil mixture was applied by rubbing into the skin, 0.027 and 5.7 × 10 -4 mg . cm -2 h -1 were calculated for linalool and camphor, respectively. In the in-vivo part of the study, we examined the diffusion of essential oil from the patch and its components' penetration through a rat's skin into its circulation. Findings indicated better transfer when patches containing essential oil were adhered to the abdomen rather than the back skin of the animal. Some of the essential oil components were entrapped in the skin, resulting in differential penetration into the blood. We therefore suggest that a specific essential oil should be considered a mixture of ingredients rather one component. Moreover, the transfer and penetration from the patch through the skin to the blood seems to be multifactorial in nature. While some factors are associated with the essential oils' features, others are associated with the patch topography and physical or chemical properties. Taken together, the current study extends our understanding of the pattern of essential oil passage through the skin and explores the potential of essential oil patches for commercial use.
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