в селекции различных комбинаций скрещивания лучших сортов и форм яблони, обладающих высоким уровнем устойчивости к воздействию низких температур после оттепели, позволяет получить зимостойкие генотипы в потомстве и более глубоко изучить наследование этого признака. Ключевые слова: яблоня, устойчивость, комбинация скрещивания, гибриды, наследственность. Summary. Application in breeding of various combinations of crossing of the best varieties and forms of Aapple trees, with a high level of resistance to low temperatures after the thaw, allows to obtain winter-hardy genotypes in the offspring and to more deeply study the inheritance of this trait.
оценка устойчивости к засолению гибридных сеянцев яблони, полученных от топкросс-скрещиваний. Выявлено влияние как аддитивных, так и неаддитивных генных взаимодействий на формирование устойчивости при некотором преобладании последних. Выделены доноры и гибридные семьи с высокой комбинационной способностью, перспективные для практического использования в селекции на устойчивость к засолению. Выделены гибридные сеянцы-источники высокой и стабильной устойчивости. Ключевые слова: яблоня, селекция, солеустойчивость, гибридные сеянцы, доноры, наследование, комбинационная способность. Summary. Evaluation of apple hybrid seedlings obtained from topcross-crosses for resistance to salinity was carried out. The infl uence of both additive and non-additive gene interactions on the formation of resistance with some predominance of the lasts was revealed. Donors and hybrid combinations with high combining ability, promising for practical use in breeding for resistance to salinization were identifi ed. Hybrid seedlings as sources of high and stable resistance were singled out.
A different level of ascorbic acid accumulation in the apple original parent varieties and hybrid offspring was identified. The best promising genotypes and cross combinations worthy of use in further breeding studies were revealed.
Different level of reaction of apple varieties immune to scab breeding of I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center on the effect of withering and high temperatures (heat shock) was revealed. The degree of heat resistance and drought resistance of plants was determined. Varieties with high water holding capacity and restoration of hydration and which merit be use in breeding as genetic sources of these characters have been identified.
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