TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractHistorically, water conformance treatments have often proved to be problematic and unreliable. Often, expectations are unrealistic and candidates poor. In addition, wells are treated individually and subsequent unrepresentative results are taken to be the norm. Products or processes that are genuinely effective under the right conditions are often written off as failures, due to ineffective placement or use on unsuitable candidates. However, this does not have to be the case. With proper candidate identification, correct treatment selection and effective treatment placement, water conformance treatments can be placed with a high degree of success. This paper will describe the processes necessary for this to be achieved. These fall into three main stages -candidate selection, treatment selection and treatment execution. Each one of these stages is critical. For the process to work, the right treatment has to be placed at the right point, in the right well. The paper will also detail the care taken in the candidate selection process and illustrate just how critical this is. It will go on to discuss the need for good treatment design and the effective placement of the system selected. The paper will conclude by providing case histories from the offshore Java Sea area, to illustrate just how effective this process can be.
TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThis paper will detail how a mature oil field in the South Kalimantan region of Indonesia was revitalised by the use of hydraulic fracturing. The Tanjung Raya field is a complex, multilayered, mature oil field. This field was initially developed in the 1960's, with production peaking at over 55,000 bopd. By the mid 1990's, production had declined to less than 1,200 bopd. The introduction of a water flood increased production to a peak of 10,000 bopd, but this quickly declined at an average rate of circa 33% per year. With the introduction of a fracturing programme, based on treating existing and new wells, production has been maintained at a flat 7,000 bopd over the past two years. The hydraulic fracturing program has accounted for 80% of these significant production gains, adding more than 5.7 million barrels of recoverable reserves and extending the economic life of the field by more than 2.5 years.Hydraulic fracturing is a process that is relatively underutilised in the Asia-Pacific region, as compared to North America, Latin America and the Middle East. With a couple of recent noticeable exceptions, the technique is either not considered during field development and redevelopment, or it is used on a one-off, remedial basis. However, fracturing can be an integral part of well design, and an effective tool when the technique is applied systematically by practitioners who understand its capabilities; as demonstrated in the Tanjung Raya field. This paper will discuss how a significant increase in oil productivity from a mature field was attained with a very high propped fracture treatment success rate. It will also detail how the correct design of fracture treatments can enhance reservoir recovery rates, and fully utilise vertical wells as a low cost, effective alternative to horizontal wells, or to increase well spacing. The paper will also discuss the most significant issues of implementing such a program and how these issues were effectively dealt with in the Tanjung field.
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