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The work studies mineralogical and geochemical features of the Jurassic coals of the Shubarkol deposit. The samples were examined using the method of scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) Hitachi S-3400N, which was carried out at the Uranium Geology Research and Development Center at the Department of Geoecology and Geochemistry of TPU. Coal geochemistry was studied by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) at the nuclear geochemical laboratory of the Department of Geoecology and Geochemistry of National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU). The choice of this object of study was determined by the tasks of research including the study of the patterns of accumulation of abnormal concentrations of REE, the effect of various factors of the geological environment on the levels of their accumulation in coals, as well as the conditions of its concentration and forms of occurrence in coals to expand the mineral resource base of Kazakhstan for rare earth elements. According to the results of scanning microscopic analysis, aluminosilicates, sulfides and sulfates with inclusions of microparticles of rare and rare earth elements were found in the composition of the Shubarkol deposit coals. According to the INNA results, abnormal concentrations of Sc, Ta, Nb, Hf, Zr, Ba, Sr, Ce and REE were found. Weathering processes led mainly to the loss and redistribution of REE in the coal seams of the Shubarkol deposit, which in turn led to increasing the content of rare earth elements from the bottom up the section. As a result of the action of multiple processes, increased concentrations of rare earth metals, mainly of the yttrium group, were formed. The absence of negative europium anomaly was determined, which confirms the original rocks composition peculiarity. The maximum contents of rare-earth metals are confined to weathered coals; for the medium-heavy group (Nd, PM, Sm, Eu), they are almost a hundredfold higher than the clarke in the upper continental crust. The tenfold excess of the clarke for elements from Gd to Lu was found in clayey sandstones and siltstones; for the rest of the rocks of the deposit the excess over the clarke is significantly lower. It was found that the coals of the deposit belong to the H-type and L-type of REE distribution. During the formation of oxidized H-type coals, clayey matter of terrigenous ash predominated as a carrier of REE, while unoxidized L-type coals were formed with the introduction of REE into the coal accumulation basin mainly in the composition of clay minerals and LREE-phosphates. Here the main source of REE was apparently the weathering crust over acidic rocks.
The article presents the results of studying the mineralogical and geochemical features of coals and clay interlayers of the Shubarkol deposit. There were analyzed 71 samples of clay layers and 49 samples of coal using the instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), powder X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy. A comprehensive analysis of the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of coals and their enclosing clay interlayers was carried out. A variety of geochemical criteria made it possible to establish the facts of the rare earth elements (REE) migration, and the latest data of mineralogy made it possible to establish the ways of their transportation to the paleobasin in the syn- and epigenetic periods of the Shubarkol deposit formation. The data of the paleoclimate and water composition of the paleobasin of peat formation are presented for the first time. Among other things, the analysis made it possible to identify a number of independent sources and various mechanisms of REE accumulation in the sediments of the Shubarkol deposit. The main patterns of the REE distribution that are expressed in the predominance of light lanthanides over heavy lanthanides, were established, and the role and composition of the rocks surrounding coal deposits in the concentration of REE were considered. Aluminosilicates, sulfides, and sulfates with inclusions of microparticles of rare and rare-earth REE elements were found in coals and clay interlayers.
PATTerNS of beryllium DiSTribuTioN iN rocKS of ceNTrAl KAzAKhSTAN Purpose. To establish patterns of beryllium distribution in rocks to identify geochemically specialized rocks in order to improve the effectiveness of regional forecasting aimed at expanding the rare metal base of the country. methodology. It is based on systematic and mathematical analyses. The basis of the work laid on the system of regional clarkes of Central Kazakhstan, based on these data correlation graphs of interrelations of an element with oxides of various elements in rocks are constructed, by means of which features of Geochemistry of beryllium in geological formations are revealed. findings. On the basis of the analysis of distribution and established correlations of beryllium in rocks of Central Kazakhstan the geochemical regularities of its distribution in different types of rocks are determined and geochemically specialized rocks in relation to this element are revealed. The patterns of beryllium distribution and factors influencing its distribution in rocks of Cen tral Kazakhstan are revealed. It is established that the terrigenous and metamorphic rocks with the highest content of SiO 2 and K 2 O have higher average contents of Be compared to chemogenic ones. This indicates that the terrigenous rocks of the studied region are products of mechanical destruction of previously formed igneous rocks, and metamorphic rocks were formed by re gional isochemical metamorphism. All the patterns characteristic of igneous rocks of Central Kazakhstan are characteristic of the products of their destruction and isochemical changes as well, which is determined by their geological position, namely, confined to the zones of erosion and destruction of the original rocks of geosynclines and spatial relationship with igneous rocks. originality. For the first time an analysis of the distribution of Be in the rocks of Central Kazakhstan was carried out on the basis of the developed system of regional clarkes and the laws of its distribution were established; for Be geochemically specialized and potentially ore bearing rocks were identified. The regularities of beryllium distribution, typical for different genetic types of rocks, testifying to the processes of destruction of parent rocks and accumulation of sedimentary rocks in geosynclinal structures are also determined. Practical value. Consists in the fact that in the general system chain of metallogenic forecasting and searches, the established data on the geochemical specialization of geological formations in relation to beryllium will allow the formational interpretation of anomalous geochemical fields detected during the multipurpose geological and geochemical mapping; zoning of the studied ar eas by types of geological formations possessing one or another potential ore content with the release of the most productive sub formations; giving quantitative estimates of forecast resources.
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