Low soil N nutrient content is a limiting factor in efforts to increase the maize production. Hybrid maize varieties are generally very responsive to fertilization and have high yields in optimal environments in contrast to abiotic stress conditions such as low nitrogen. Therefore, it is necessary to develop hybrid maize with low N tolerance by genotyping at low N fertilization conditions. This research aims to obtain hybrid maize genotypes tolerant to low nitrogen with high production and to determine characters that have high heritability values. The research was carried out in the Experimental Farm of the Cereals Plant Research Institute, Bajeng Subdistrict, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The research was arranged in a Split Plot Design with the main plot is dose of nitrogen (0 kg N/ha, 100 kg N/ha, 200 kg N/ha) while subplots were hybrid maize genotypes consisted of 12 genotypes and 3 comparative varieties (Nasa 29, Bisi 18, and Jakarin 1). The results show that the hybrid genotype tolerant to low nitrogen with high production were AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 124-9 genotypes in the treatment without nitrogen fertilization and AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 32-8, AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 124-4, AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 124-9, AVLN 83-2 x AVLN 100-1, AVLN 122-2 x AVLN 124-9, AVLN 122-2 x AVLN 100-1, and AVLN 118-7 x AVLN 124-9 at a nitrogen dose of 100 kg N/ha. Characters with high heritability values were peeled cobs weight, cobs diameter, cobs length, 1000 seeds weight, and productivity.
Gantarangkeke Bantaeng (GTB) variety seed is a type of local seed that has experienced a decline in its existence due to the emergence of superior seed types such as the MCC 01 variety resulting in low local cocoa production due to the lack of use of GTB seeds in South Sulawesi. One of the causes of low seeds capability is the lack of special treatment given to seeds which refers to the inhibition of germination of cultivated cocoa seeds. Seed priming is a treatment of soaking seeds with microbes to improve the quality of seeds germination. This study aims to compare the germination of local varieties of cocoa seeds GTB with varieties MCC 01 using Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) seed priming treatment. This study employed a randomized block design (RBD). Two cocoa seed varieties used as the first factor consisted of local GTB and MCC 01, while the seed priming treatment as the second factor consisted of PGPR concentrations of 0% (control), 5%, 10%, and 15%. The results indicate that the seed priming treatment affected the germination of two cocoa varieties seeds which included the parameters of MCC 01 seeds germination and the growth speed which was higher than local GTB seeds, 100.00% and 7.14%/etmal, respectively. Abnormal seedlings in local GTB variety were higher than MCC 01 seeds (10.00%). It can be concluded that the seed priming treatment of cocoa seeds has a high effect on seed germination of the MCC 01 variety compared to the local variety GTB.
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