This paper presents an inventive prototype design of ventilation fan with smart features. uses a microcontroller to create an automation function. automatically according to the temperature which set by the user. This is to ensure the cooling process, especially for large space and also in hot weather due to global warming works well and effectively. An LM35 temperature sensor is placed in the room temperature. The PIC16F887 temperature detected by the sensor. Users initially set the temperature to ON the fan together with overheat temperature to ON the buzzer. If the the ventilation fan will function while the buzzer will produce sound when it is set value. Thus, through this circuit, it is easy to use and make human's life simpler and better. This paper presents an inventive prototype design of ventilation fan with smart features.uses a microcontroller to create an automation function. The ventilation fan operate automatically according to the temperature which set by the user. This is to ensure the cooling especially for large space and also in hot weather due to global warming works well and effectively. An LM35 temperature sensor is placed in the room 16F887 microcontroller circuit will control the ventilation fan based on temperature detected by the sensor. Users initially set the temperature to ON the fan together with overheat temperature to ON the buzzer. If the room's temperature is more than set value, the ventilation fan will function while the buzzer will produce sound when it is set value. Thus, through this circuit, it is easy to use and make human's life simpler and better. This paper presents an inventive prototype design of ventilation fan with smart features. It he ventilation fan operates automatically according to the temperature which set by the user. This is to ensure the cooling especially for large space and also in hot weather due to global warming works well and effectively. An LM35 temperature sensor is placed in the room to sense the room microcontroller circuit will control the ventilation fan based on temperature detected by the sensor. Users initially set the temperature to ON the fan together room's temperature is more than set value, the ventilation fan will function while the buzzer will produce sound when it is high than the set value. Thus, through this circuit, it is easy to use and make human's life simpler and better.Research Article Special Issue I. M. Yassin et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2017, 9(3S), 779-790 780
This paper presents the use of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) from the RF signal to estimate the distance from a point where the signal is transmitted to the point where the signal is received. This can be a challenge as in the paddy field, the watery and dry conditions, as well as the height of the paddy plant can affect signal transmission during this estimation process. Two low-cost ground beacons, Beacon1 and Beacon2 (The coordinator), are used and placed in a known location with a fixed distance across the paddy field, which becomes the reference point during the distance estimation for the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). These signals are analyzed by using the non-right-angle trigonometry computation, to estimate the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. The estimated distance is compared with the measured value to determine the efficiency of this approach. The calibration trendlines of these beacons in the open, watery and dry paddy fields are discussed and presented. It is found that the dry paddy field gives less RSSI mean error and proved that humidity can contribute to the distance estimation error.
Wireless transmission is important either in normal terrestrials or underwater network. It provides connection regardless of the obstacle surrounding the network. This technology can contribute to various benefits in terms of underwater environmental monitoring, oil and gas exploration, surveillance operation and military. In water environment, there are three common techniques that are normally available nowadays which rely on acoustic, optical or radio frequency (RF) channel. Acoustic is the earliest underwater communication technology which is widely used and it allows the longest range of communication, but it has some limitations in term of the low throughput and is also affected with the Doppler effects. Optical and RF technology are able to provide higher data rate compared to acoustic but both technologies have limitation in term of the transmission distance. However, RF technology is more suitable to be considered for short distance transmission with moderate data rate as the optical signal normally requires line-of-sight between transmitter and receiver link that is hard to be achieved in water that has higher particle inside. Therefore, suitable antenna design should be created to establish underwater communication that employs RF technology that can transmit higher data rate in short distance.
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