In this research, we discovered a number of structural adaptations and informative characteristics for the leaf blades of the studied species from the genus Primula L. The species under study were found to have anomocytic stomatal type. The leaf blades are hypostomatic (P. denticulata) or with the predominant abaxial stomata (P. macrocalyx, P. pallasii). The following indicators have low variation): size of stomata, number of cells in the upper and lower epidermis, height of cells in the upper mesophyll layer, lamina thickness near the midvein and central part, phloem cross-section area, and vascular bundle area. High and very high variation level is observed for the quantitative indicators describing the leaf indument density, number of stomata and stomatal index of the upper epidermis. The data obtained can be used to evaluate the species adaptability and to develop the appropriate light and hydrothermal regime for cultivating the species in the Western Siberia sub-boreal forest environment.
The paper gives the variation data related to some quantitative characters and anatomy of Phlox sibirica L. leaf blade. The most stable characteristics of Phlox sibirica leaf anatomy are the leaf thickness around the midrib, the length of upper mesophyll layer cells, the number of epidermal cells, and the stoma sizes, which, along with the peculiarities of mesophyll structure, conducting bundles and stomatal type, can serve as additional diagnostic characters for species identification. Phlox sibirica is classified as xerophyte-heliophyte morphological type.
Definition of the growth and development characteristics of plants in varied light conditions is a key factor for the creation of highly efficient light facilities for plant cultivation. Experimental research was conducted using an LED irradiation facility with photosynthetic photon flux densities ranging from 0 to 261 μmol m−2 s−1 and a continuous spectrum with maxima at 445 and 600 nm. Under the maximum photosynthetic photon flux density (261 μmol m− 2 s−1) wheat germs demonstrated diminishing leaf surface with high values of specific leaf area, enhanced pubescence of ground tissues, increases in the number of stomata on the upper epidermis and palisade, and an increase in the thickness of the leaves as well as an increase in carotenoids but a decrease in the chlorophyll a+b/carotenoids relation. It was revealed that the optimum level of photosynthetic photon flux density for the referred spectrum was in the range from 82 to 100 µmol m−2 s−1, which may enable a reduction of irradiance under specific conditions during early development with no harm to the plants while minimizing energy consumption during cultivation.
This article contains a comparative analysis of the anatomical structure of the rosette and stem leaves of Echinacea purpurea and E. pallida. The plants were grown on the experimental site of the Siberian Botanical Garden, located in the southeastern part of Tomsk (Western Siberia). Temporary preparations of the leaves were prepared by cutting them on a freezing microtome MZ-2. Photographs of leaf microscopy and microscopic measurements were made on a light microscope. Anomocyte type of stomatal complex is characteristic for the studied species. Leaves of the studied species are amphistomatic, rosette leaves of E. purpurea are hypostomatic. The stomatal index of E. purpurea was 1.5 (stem leaves, upper epidermis) and 24.4–25.5 (lower epidermis). In the leaf blade of E. purpurea, the signs are revealed as mesomorphic (the presence of relatively large dorsoventral leaves, moderate development of integumentary, conducting and mechanical tissues) and a xeromorphic-heliomorphic structure. A complex of xeromorphic-heliophytic features of the E. pallida leaf has been identified, which increase its drought resistance; the mean values of the stomatal index of the upper and lower epidermis were 24.8–28.7. There are 10 characteristics that have significant differences in mean values when comparing leaves of E. purpurea and E. pallida: the size of the stomata of the lower epidermis, the thickness of the mesophyll of the leaf, its layers and the leaf laminae free of the vascular bundle, the area of the vascular bundle and their constituents.
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