Diatomaceous earth is a naturally occurring, soft, siliceous sedimentary rock, which is easily crumbled into a fine powder. In this paper, the characteristic of calcined diatomaceous earth from Aceh Besar District – Indonesia as a cementitious binder is studied. The chunk of diatomaceous earth was burned in the brick burning furnace for 4 days, then ground so that it becomes a powder. The powder was sieved to form the binder having the particle sizes less than 250 μm. The binder then calcined at the temperature of 600°C for 5 hours in a laboratory furnace. The density, specific gravity, absorption, particle size analyzer, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy tests were therefore performed. The test results show that the density, saturated surface dry specific gravity, and absorption of calcined diatomaceous earth binder are 767 kg/m3, 2.000, and 6.535 %, respectively. The particle sizes range from 0,107 μm to 231 μm. The main minerals of the particle are graphite, quartz, and lead-silver thallium antimony sulphide. The main chemical compositions of calcined diatomaceous earth are SiO2, 56.00 %; Fe2O3, 26.40 %; ZrO2, 7.20 %; and Al2O3, 6.50 %.
In this research, calcined diatomaceous earth from Aceh Besar, Indonesia was used as cement replacement in producing high strength concrete. Four concrete mixtures in which the percentage of cement replacement of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% by weight were studied. Four cylinder-specimens with 100 mm diameter and 200 mm high were prepared for each mixture. The compression load was applied on the specimens at the age of 28 days until the specimens failed. The mixture without calcined diatomaceous earth was more workable than that with diatomaceous earth. The compressive strength of concrete with diatomaceous earth in this study was almost the same for all mixture. However, those compressive strength was lower than the compressive strength of concrete without calcined diatomaceous earth for about 14.6%. Modulus of elasticity of high strength concrete decreased with increasing of cement replacement percentage.
The 6.5 Mw magnitude earthquake experienced in Pidie Jaya Regency on December 7, 2016 caused the failure of several structures including the District Attorney’s Building with almost all the beams on the first floor observed to have shear cracks. Besides that, some flexural cracks were also found, although only in a few places. This study aimed to determine the cause of the shear failure in the building and the amount of deformation observed in the structures due to the earthquake. Therefore, an assessment was conducted in the field to determine the quality of concrete and the adequacy of shear reinforcement installed. A time history analysis was also performed using the Pidie Jaya earthquake history recorded by the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG). The results showed the required shear strength of the floor beams due to earthquake load was lower than its shear capacity due to a low compressive strength of the concrete in the beam and installation of insufficient shear reinforcement. Furthermore, the flexural strength required in the beams in some places was also greater than the available flexural capacity. The lateral deformations due to the earthquake were also observed to be very large thereby causing the inter-story drift of the building structures to exceed the value allowed by earthquake-resistant building standards (SNI 1726:2012). This subsequently led to the failure of the building floor beams, however, since the strength of the column was greater than the required standard, no crack was observed in the columns.
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