Purpose The purpose of this research was to examine spatial and temporal aspects of articulatory control in children with apraxia of speech (CAS), children with speech delay characterized by an articulation/phonological impairment (SD) and typically developing controls (TD) during speech tasks that increase in word length. Method The participants included 33 children between three and seven years of age (11 CAS, 11 SD, and 11 TD). A motion capture system was used to track jaw, lower lip and upper lip movement during a naming task. Movement duration, velocity, displacement, and variability were measured from accurate word productions. Results Movement variability was significantly higher in the children with CAS as compared to participants in the SD and TD groups. Differences in temporal control were seen between both groups of speech-impaired children and the TD controls during accurate word productions. As word length increased, movement duration and variability differed between the CAS and SD children. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that movement variability distinguishes children with CAS from speakers with SD. Kinematic differences between the CAS and SD participants suggest that these groups respond differently to linguistic challenges.
Background and Purpose-This article is a comprehensive review of aphasia treatment studies for the purpose of investigating the relationship between time postonset of aphasia and response to treatment for aphasia in chronic patients at Ն1 year after symptom onset. Methods-Studies that demonstrated treatment response (defined as a measurable change in task performance compared with a control task performance) through the use of single-subject design methodologies on measures of verbal output or auditory comprehension were selected. Individual subject data were extracted from the 23 studies that met criteria identifying the subjects as those who received direct continuous therapy for spoken language deficits and whose changes in response to therapy were measurable. Percent of maximum possible change was used as a measurement of outcome. Results-Nonparametric correlation statistics (Spearman ) and comparisons of group means (Kruskal-Wallis) were used to compare the relationship between time postonset and improvement. Time postonset at which treatment was initiated did not correlate with response to treatment. No significant differences in response to treatment were found between groups of patients according to times postonset. Conclusions-Time postonset is not related to response to treatment for aphasia in patients Ͼ1 year postonset of aphasia.
Tremors affect pediatric and adult populations, with roughly 3% of people worldwide experiencing essential tremors. Treatments include medication, deep brain stimulation, occupational/physical therapy, or adaptive equipment. This unblinded experimental pre-test–post-test study was performed (April–September 2021) at Children’s Health of Orange County, evaluating the effectiveness of Move-D, a novel orthotic brace, on pediatric tremors. Ten participants (14–19 years old) experiencing upper extremity tremors (5 essential, 2 dystonic, 1 coarse, 1 postural, and 1 unspecified) were enrolled. Participants completed a usability survey and performance was measured utilizing the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, second edition, with and without the brace, using one-sided t-tests of mean differences. Move-D improved age-equivalent scores for fine motor precision by 20.5 months and upper limb coordination by 15.1 months. Manual coordination percentile rankings increased by 2.9%. Manual dexterity performance was unaffected. The usability survey revealed that 7/10 participants agreed or strongly agreed that they could move their arm freely while wearing the brace, the brace reduced their tremors, and they felt comfortable wearing the brace at home. Through standardized testing and findings from the usability survey, Move-D showed an improvement of functional abilities in a pediatric population with tremors.
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