through at any given time. 1 These microchannels additionally limit the depth to which the PLLA can penetrate, which likely affects the immune system's response and subsequent granulomatous processes. In contrast to typical injections using focal volumes of PLLA, LADD distributes very small volumes of PLLA throughout the treatment area. There are major differences in the amount of PLLA that is ultimately placed in the dermis.Although limited by its retrospective and single-center design, our study demonstrates the safety of fractional ablative laser-assisted delivery of topical PLLA. However, additional prospective, controlled studies would be beneficial to further confirm these results. Physicians who may be apprehensive of applying topical PLLA after ablative laser treatment should be reassured by these data.
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