The effects of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) on soil nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emission, soil ammonium (NH 4+ ) and nitrate (NO 3 − ), and cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) yields were investigated in a loamy sand soil in eastern Thailand. Treatments were chemical fertilizer (CF) and CF plus dicyandiamide (DCD) or neem (Azadirachta indica) oil at two rates of 5% and 10%. DCD had a greater reduction of soil N 2 O flux than the neem oil (P<0.10). DCD and neem oil retained NH 4 + -N in the soil by 79% and 63% (P ≤ 0.10), respectively. The NI effect on soil NO 3 − -N was small due to a low N fertilizer rate. The cassava root yield and N uptake were increased 4-11% and 2-18%, respectively, by use of NIs, but they were only significant for DCD (P ≤ 0.10). These findings suggest that NIs application may be a promising method for minimizing nitrogen loss and enhancing crop yields in a tropical cassava field.
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