The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of mid-infrared predictions of fine milk composition and technological traits to serve as a tool for large-scale phenotyping of the Italian Simmental population. Calibration equations accurately predicted the fatty acid profile of the milk, but we obtained moderate or poor accuracy for detailed protein composition, coagulation properties, curd yield and composition, lactoferrin, and concentration of major minerals. To evaluate the role of infrared predictions as indicator traits of fine milk composition in indirect selective breeding programs, the genetic parameters of the traits predicted using mid-infrared spectra need to be estimated.