The soils and native vegetation of 28 Outstanding changes in plant species across two phases of the Festuca zone and a high soil"organi"c carbon g.idi"trt through the Black soils appeared to be a result of a high negative mein minimum temperature gradient which accounts for a high P/E ratio gradient.

Highlight It is estimated to take from 20 to 40 years for overgrazed ranges in the rough fescue and ponderosa pine zones to recover to excellent range condition when fully rested. Little change in plant composition took place inside exclosures, placed on poor condition range, in less than 10 years following fencing. It took longer for the sites to progress from poor to fair condition than from fair to good condition. The main plants to increase with protection were bluebunch wheatgrass and rough fescue. The main species to decrease were Sandberg bluegrass, low pussytoes, and rabbitbrush. Literature Cited

There is a close relationship between root system characteristics and the relative fire resistance of douglasfir forest zone species in southern interior British Columbia. Susceptible species are usually those that have fibrous root systems or produce stolons or rhizomes which grow above mineral soil. Moderately resistant species usually have fibrous roots with rhizomes which grow less than 5 cm below the mineral soil surface. Resistant species are those that have rhizomes which grow between 5 and 13 cm below the mineral soil surface and those species with taproots which are able to regenerate from below their crowns. Both timber milkvetch and lupine are undesirable range plants and yet both may increase after a fire.

Five vegetation zones were recognized in the Similkameen Valley of southern British Columbia. These zones were largely controlled by elevation primarily as a reflection of climate. The climate becomes progressively more moist from east to west and with increasing elevation. Two habitat types were described in the Artemisia tridentata zone, three in the Pinus ponderosa zone, five in the Pseudotsuga menziesii zone, five in the Abies lasiocarpa zone, and one in the Alpine zone. Some habitat types correlated well with the soils at a great group level. The Pinus—Festuca habitat type was found mostly on Dark Gray soils, the Pseudotsuga—Festuca habitat type on a variety of soils, the Pseudotsuga—Calamagrostis habitat type on Gray Luvisols, the Festuca—Eriogonum habitat type on Black Chernozems, the Abies—Vaccinium—Calamagrostis habitat type on Dystric Brunisols, and the Abies—Vaccinium, Phyllodoce habitat type on Alpine Dytsric Brunisols soils. A key for the identification of the major habitat types is included.

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