Eine helicale Konformation und damit eine sterisch eher ungünstige Struktur kennzeichnet die Pentaketone 1 und 2. Aus einem einfachen Modell folgt, daß der strukturbestimmende Parameter die Minimierung des Gesamtdipolmoments ist.
Anodic oxidation of substituted phenols, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde (1 ) and its Schiff's base derivatives (2) in acetonitrile containing an excess of pyridine gave pyridinated phenols. Pyridination occurred at the methyl group of the hydroxybenzaldehyde (1) and the Schiff's base (29) derived from p-nitroaniline, while for the other Schiff's base derivatives of (1) studied the pyridinium group was on the ring meta to the hydroxy and orrho to the imino group. The pyridination process was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential and constant current electrolysis of (1 ), (2), and related phenols including 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde Schiff's bases (4). Two different routes are suggested for pyridination, a process involving a phenoxonium ion and one involving a quinone methide. Under the conditions of controlled potential electrolysis, ring pyridination proceeds through the phenoxonium ion route and side-chain pyridination through the quinone methide route. The role of the imino group in the anodic oxidation of the phenolic Schiff's bases (2) and ( 4) is discussed. The principal mode is suggested to be catalysis of the dimerisation of the corresponding cation radicals by accepting the proton of the hydroxy-group intramolecularly to remove the positive charge from the reaction centre.
Large quantities of oils and fats are discharged into wastewater from food industries. We evaluated the possibility of using microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for the generation of electricity from food-industry wastewater containing vegetable oils. Single-chamber MFCs were supplied with artificial wastewater containing soybean oil, and oil removal and electric output were examined under several different conditions. We found that MFC performance could be improved by supplementing wastewater with an emulsifier, inoculating MFCs with oil-contaminated soil, and coating the graphite-felt anodes with carbon nanotubes, resulting in a power output of more than 2 W m (based on the projected area of the anode). Sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments detected abundant amount of Burkholderiales bacteria (known to include oil degraders) in the oil-contaminated soil and anode biofilm, whereas those affiliated with the genus Geobacter were only detected in the anode biofilm. These results suggest that MFCs can be used for energy recovery from food industry wastewater containing vegetable oils.
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