Abstract-High pressure processing is one of the advanced technologies to produce safe food, with better quality properties. In recent years, high pressure homogenization is a useful way which has attracted attention to improve the quality, increase shelf life, and maintain nutritional and sensory properties of milk and dairy products. Homogenization is considered a suitable alternative to thermal processes due to the lack of thermal damage. It is also one of the innovative technologies with a positive change in milk particles which leads to enhance the quality, shelf life and popularity of product. In this article, in addition to evaluation of the effect of homogenization on the fat particles, inactivating harmful bacteriophages and spoilage microorganisms, sensory and appearance properties of dairy products, the influence of high pressure homogenization on proteins and the viability of probiotic bacteria in dairy products especially yogurt will be reviewed. These changes result in the development of quality in dairy products and higher consumer's acceptance. IndexTerms-High pressure homogenization, microorganism, milk, yogurt, proteins.
Jatropha curcas seed cake (J.S.C.) is a useful organic byproduct containing considerable amounts of nitrogen, phosphrous, potassium and micronutrients. It can be considered as a green economy soil amendment. Jatropha curcas seed cake was used as an attempt to enhance soil health and to sustain soil productivity. The objective of this study, therefore, was to investigate the effects of Jatropha curcas seed cake (J.S.C.) as an organic fertilizer and NPK as chemical fertilizers on the health parameters of sandy and calcareous soils cultivated with wheat (Triticum aestivum L .). The results indicated that the percentages of N, P and K in J.S.C. were 2.63%, 0.23% and 3.1% respectively. The results assured that application of the organic fertilizer (J.S.C.) and chemical fertilizers (NPK) had positively affected soil health parameters. Using organic and chemical fertilizers decresed bulk density of sandy and calcereous soils compared with the control treatment. And increased aggregate stability index. Soil organic carbon was increased by using Jatropha seed cake as organic fertilizer. In addition, the differences in dehydrogenase activity were highly significant when combined with different levels of organic and chemical fertilization with the two used soils. The soil pH decreased as the levels of Jatropha seed cake increased, while the EC was increased. The increasing application of jatropha seed cake and mineral fertilization increased the concentration of macro and micronutrients in plant and soil. The results indicated that the decomposition of jatropha seed cake is a microbiological process, which release inorganic forms of nutrients (N, P and K). It is also that addition of jatropha seed cake to sandy and calcareous soils positively affected the physical, chemical and biological indicators of the soil health.
Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) is the most important cash crop in Egypt and the world but it is also a source of many elements of daily use. During 2018-2019 The cultivated area was 336 thousand acres of long-staple cotton greater than 220 thousand acres in 2017.While the average yield per acre of cotton Giza (94) Haya was 10.71 k / f. according to the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics issued the quarterly bulletin for cotton the fourth quarter (June / August) for the 2018/2019 agricultural season. Cotton is used in many industries and provides rawmaterial for fiber, clothing, vegetable oils, and animal feed. Moreover, the crop residue of cotton plants can be used as fertilizer; Cotton was grown in the Indus Valley in Pakistan for more than 3000 BC (Iqbal, Reddy, El-Zik, & Pepper, 2001). Cotton is a crop that is attacked by hundreds of pests such as viruses, pathogens, insect pests, and weeds which together can cause a yield loss of more than 80% in this crop (Oerke, 2006). Weeding can severely reduce cotton yield and can negatively affect staple quality. (Capinera, 2005) found that weeds are an important plant resource for insects, although feeding by insects on weeds can have both positive and negative effects on crop productivity. Weeds also indirectly affect crops via their influence on beneficial insects,
This literature review explores various aspects of using probiotics as a dietary practice to mitigate the effects of toxic compounds. The discussion highlights the importance of considering factors such as timing and composition of probiotic consumption for maximum benefits. Studies have demonstrated the potential of probiotics to inhibit Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) damage and reduce the occurrence of aberrant crypts in animal models when administered before exposure to toxicants. Furthermore, probiotics have been found to metabolize genotoxic compounds into inactive forms, indicating their potential role in detoxification processes. The binding activity of probiotics against toxicants has been widely studied, but there is a need for further research on the metabolites produced during these interactions. Additionally, the presence of other compounds in the food matrix and their competitive effects on probiotic binding should be investigated to understand the full picture. The strain-dependent nature of the probiotic activity and the variability of their antimutagenic properties for different mutagens further highlight the complexity of their functionality. Considering these findings, it is recommended to conduct a careful risk assessment to evaluate the safety of probiotics and their metabolites, taking into account the potential risks and benefits associated with their use. This will help ensure the responsible application of probiotics in food safety and human health initiatives.
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