Global Positioning System (GPS) is the emerging technology extending its applications in the field of surveying, navigation, military etc., and these applications demands multiple levels of accuracy ranging from tens of meters to sub-millimetre level. Hence there is a need to develop systems, methods and a technique to meet the demand of high accuracy. GPS provides its services in two different standards, Standard Positioning Services (SPS) and Precise Positioning Services (PPS).The accuracy of these services is influenced by various measurement biases and random errors. Many of the biases and errors can be minimized by proper modelling of the biases, GPS technique employed and position estimate solution. This paper focuses in improving the accuracy of SPS GPS receiver by correcting relativistic and satellite clock errors in the C/A (Coarse/Acquisition) measurements. It also proposes an accurate position estimate method among Least Squares Estimator (LSE) and Linear Quadratic Estimator (LQE).The performance of these estimators are analysed with Position Accuracy Measures (PAM) and Statistical Error Measures (SAM). The practical data used for processing and analysis is collected on L1 (1575.42MHz) frequency over a period of 24 hrs from the SPS DualFrequency GPS (DFGPS) receivers located at IISC, Bangalore (Lat/Lon: 13.01 o N / 77.56 o E) and Andhra University (AU), Visakhapatnam (Lat/Lon: 17.72 o N / 83.32 o E).
<p>To increase the network lifetime of WSNs is a major concern. Network lifetime can be increased by reducing energy consumptions through MAC protocols periodic and a- periodic sleep mode mechanisms. The short duty cycle makes sensors have low energy consumption rate but increases the transmission delay and long duty cycle makes the sensor to increase the energy consumption and reduce the delay. Duty cycle need to be adaptively varied to reduce the idle listening. In the proposed Adaptive Duty cycle MAC (ADMAC) protocol, duty cycle is varied by taking nodes rate of energy consumption and filled queue length in account. It reduces the delay and energy spent by reducing the idle listening. ADMAC is realized in NS2 and its performance is compared with SMAC.</p>
Present days cloud computing is one of the best raising technologies in distributed computing sectors which permits pays in line with model as per customer demand and requirements.Cloud includes a set of virtual machines which incorporates each persistent andcomputational facility. Providing efficient access of any data to the remote area through network is the primary motto of the cloud computing. Day by day cloud is facing many demanding situations. In which it is facing scheduling is the key one. The process through which the task can be done in certain order via pc device is called scheduling. The word scheduling defines different package of rules for controlling the task order for running the known job through network via computer machines. An awesome scheduler adapts the strategy of scheduling consistent with converting execution of job to sort of different tasks. In research paper we presented, data control of different virtual machines in cloud computing is the new target to the researchers. Algorithms of different tasks scheduling plays an essential and important role for solving some problems. The intention of the scheduling is running of different tasks successfully with in less time and accuracy.And we discussing about various components that cloud computing depends like CPU usage, Load balancing, and Time.
Wireless communication has become critical with the growth of usage of broadband services. The data traffic has been increasing day by day when compared to past few hours. Therefore the required bandwidth and modulation techniques using at present might not be successful from the proper transmission of large data. Here comes the MIMO technique where more than one antennas are used near the transmit as well as receiver ends. Therefore it is the need of the hour to use STBC (Space Time Block Coding) which uses transmit diversity for successful transmission.
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