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The usage of biodiesel blends is restricted due to its low fuel consumption and high thermal NOx. The current study exhibits the usage of four different fuel additives methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, and NiO nanoparticles in Neem biodiesel blend (NB25) to shore up the usage of neem oil methyl ester. Performance and emission experimentation of a compression‐ignition engine fueled with NB25 having fuel additives were conducted at varying injection opening pressures (180, 210, and 240 bar) and static injection timings (19°, 23°, and 27° bTDC). The results indicate that when NiO fuel additives were doped in the NB25 blend, high peaks of NOx were found with betterment in performance features with a lower CO and HC emission.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared from HAuCl 4 using gum kondagogu, by adopting green synthesis, which is a simple, low cost and ecofriendly technique. The gum kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium) serves as both reducing agent and stabilizer. The formation of the AuNPs was identified through the change in the color of the solution from yellow to red. The synthesized AuNPs were characterized by various techniques. The green synthesized AuNPs were found to be stable in the pH range pH 2-12 and up to the concentration of 5 M NaCl. The stabilized AuNPs demonstrated the excellent catalytic activity in reducing p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol in the presence of a reducing agent, NaBH 4 . The effects of catalyst dose and temperature were studied. The synthesized, new gum-based catalyst was very efficient, easy to prepare, stable, cost-effective and ecofriendly. The synthesized AuNPs showed good antibacterial activity.