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Background: world is facing explosive increase in diabetes mellitus. It poses a serious challenge to primary health care in developing countries, with negative consequences on the economy. This research is aim at evaluating the effect of Persea americana aqueous seed extract on alloxan induced diabetes rats. Methodology: Effects of the aqueous extract on groups of alloxan (150mg/Kg) induced diabetic rats was investigated. The blood sugar and body weight of the rats was recorded at two weeks and four weeks interval, and one week after the withdrawal of the extract. The test groups (III, IV, and V) were treated with 400mg, 800mg and 1200mg/kg body weight of the extract for 4 weeks. Results: A significant decrease (P<0.001) in blood glucose were observed in all groups compared to Group II. A significant increase in blood glucose (p<0.05) was observed one week after withdrawal of the extract. Significant increase in body weight was recorded in groups III, IV and V compared to group II at P < 0.01, 0.001 and 0.05 respectively. Conclusion: The findings may indicate anti-diabetic effects of the extract which may be due to certain mineral elements and phytochemicals, and increase in weight in could be due to proper nutrient utilization probably induced by the avocado seeds' extract. Avocado seeds may be of beneficial effects to diabetic patients.

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Aim: To investigate the effect of Carica papaya seed extract on KBrO3 - induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Renal toxicity was induced by a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg body weight of KBrO3. Study Design: Thirty (30) male albino rats were divided into six groups, five rats per group; normal control, KBrO3 control, papaya control and KBrO3 group administered with methanol seed extract of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg body weight for 48 hours. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria, from April 2018 to August 2018. Methodology: Serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and electrolytes were determined using kits from randox laboratories. Furthermore, activities of renal brush border membrane marker enzymes namely γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), maltase (Mal) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and some parameters of oxidative stress including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in homogenates prepared from renal cortex and medulla of the kidney of rats using colorimetric methods. Results: Administration of KBrO3 significantly (P<0.05) increases the serum levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid and all electrolytes studied in a dose-dependent fashion from 200mg/kg to 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg in that order. Furthermore, the activities of GGT, ALP, Mal and LAP decrease in renal homogenates with KBrO3 administration. Also the activities of CAT, SOD, GPx and level of GSH decreases while the level of MDA significantly (P<0.05) increases however concurrent administration of Carica papaya seed extract prevented all the KBrO3- induced changes in the biochemical parameters studied . Conclusion: It was suggested that methanol seed extract of Carica papaya possess nephroprotective effect against KBrO3 –induced renal toxicity and oxidative stress, and the most effective dose was 600 mg/kg body weight.

The use of medicinal plant to prevent and or cure liver problems is a practice not peculiar to developing countries. This research work evaluated oral LD 50 and hepatoprotective properties of aqueous stem bark extract of Khaya senegalensis (ASBEKS) in rats. The rats were grouped into six groups (GI -GVI) of six rats each. GI served as normal control, GII served as CCl 4 control, GIII was administered with only ASBEKS at a dose of 2.10 g/kg body weight per day for two weeks, while GIV, GV and GVI were administered with the extract at a dose of 1.05 g/kg, 2.10 g/kg and 3.15 g/kg respectively for two weeks. At the end of the first week, three rats from each group were selected and rats in groups II, IV, V and VI were attempted to be induced with liver damage using 120 mg of CCl 4 administered subcutaneously. The animals were euthanized after 24 hours of CCl 4