Within the framework of this study, the micromycete Fusarium sporotrichioides was isolated from wheat grain, a collection of isolates of endophytic microorganisms with antagonistic activity against this pathogen was formed, and their antagonistic activity was studied. By the mechanism of action, the isolates are classified as strains exhibiting fungistatic antibiotic antagonism, that is, inhibition of fungal growth occurred at a distance under the influence of antibiotic substances produced by the antagonist, with the formation of a “sterile” zone between cultures; and strains with fungistatic alimentary type of antagonism, expressed in stopping the growth of the pathogen upon contact with the antagonist colony. Stepwise screening of microorganisms-antagonists in in vitro and in vivo experiments made it possible to select technological and safe isolates with high antifungal activity and the possibility of using them as biofungicide producers. Three isolates from among the most active aboriginal endophytic microorganisms belonging to the species Bacillus subtilis are promising for introduction into the biocenosis with the aim of long-term regulation of the density of phytopathogenic populations of Fusarium sporotrichioides.
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of toxin-forming fungi. Contamination of agricultural products with mycotoxins can occur both in the field and during storage, if the conditions for the growth and development of fungi. The impact of mycotoxins on human and animal health is manifested in the form of acute mycotoxicosis. In modern agriculture, the most promising detoxification technology for food raw materials uses bacteria that have an antagonistic effect to micromycetes. For a better understanding of these mechanisms and with the aim of further more effective control of pollution, mycotoxin studies to assess the enzymatic properties of previously selected microorganisms-antagonists of toxin-forming microscopic fungi. In the study of amylolytic, proteolytic, lipolytic, cellulosolytic activity and the ability to produce catalase and chitinase, microorganisms with all the properties were not identified. Bacteria RPF1, RPF2, RPA3, PA4, PA7, PA8, RCF11, SB10, SB13, SB15, SB16, SB20 had activity in 3-4 groups of hydrolytic enzymes. The isolates PF7, RCF8, SB11, SB17 showed the maximum activity according to the studied parameters. From these microorganisms, an association of bacteria was created to suppress the growth and development of pathogenic micromycetes.
Endophytic microorganisms are most closely in contact with agricultural plants, inhabit their internal tissues, provide protection from pathogens, and have a direct impact on plant health and productivity. This is the relevance of studying the properties of endophytic organisms for the regulation of population density of pathogenic micromycetes. In this work, a comparative assessment of the antifungal activity of endophytic isolates B. subtilis EFS3, B. subtilis EFS9, B. subtilis EFS13 was carried out with respect to field isolates of microscopic fungi of the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor. The studied endophytic bacilli inhibited the growth of micromycetes both due to the antibiotic substances produced and by direct contact, i.e., antibiotic and alimentary types of antagonism were noted in the mechanism of antifungal action. Thus, the studied endophytic bacteria are able to influence the development of pathogenic fungi and can be used to develop biological products that contribute to improving the quality of food raw materials of plant origin.
The main task in livestock complexes is to ensure the safety of livestock and to obtain healthy young animals. It is known that in the last months of pregnancy in cows, the fetal weight increases by 70-75 %, all the organs of the immune defense and the enzymatic system develop, and, consequently, the general resistance of the newborn young is formed. This underlines the importance of creating optimal conditions for feeding and keeping pregnant animals. Therefore, when developing rational measures for the prevention and control of diseases of nascent young animals, it is necessary to consider this complex as a single system, since the physiological immaturity of newborns cannot be further compensated even by ideal growing conditions.The use of a composition based on a mycelial fungus and an organosulfur compound is a promising preventive agent that does not have a pronounced negative effect on the animal's body. The proposed therapeutic two -component composition for pregnant cows consists of selimaccide and a commercial preparation «Milife» containing a culture of the mycelial fungus Fusarium sambucinum strain VKPM F-139. Selimaccide is the diethylammonium salt of N-methylamino-1-phenylmethanesulfonic acid, belongs to the new chemical compounds of the class of aminomethanesulfonates, is a white crystalline powder with a specific odor, well soluble in water, alcohol, dimethylsulfoxide.Daily watering of the proposed composition to pregnant cows 12 days before calving 2 times a day at a dose of 500 cm3 / head with an interval of 6 to 8 hours ensures the birth of calves resistant to gastrointestinal disorders.The aim of the research was to study the effectiveness of the drug, which is a combination of selimaccide and the mycelial fungus Fusarium sambucinum strain VKPM F-139 as a means of preventing gastrointestinal disorders in newborn calves when applied to pregnant cows.
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