Pulsed-field-ionization zero-kinetic-energy photoelectron spectra of jet-cooled allyl radical (C3H5) have been recorded following single-photon and resonant multiphoton excitation. Simulations based on an orbital ionization model and rovibronic photoionization selection rules reliably describe the observed intensity distributions in the photoelectron spectra obtained from single-photon excitation from the ground state and resonant multiphoton excitation via the 3s and the 3p Rydberg states. More than 30 transitions to vibrational levels of the cation were identified and assigned on the basis of predictions from ab initio calculations.
High-resolution photoionization and pulsed-field-ionization zero-kinetic-energy photoelectron spectra of CH(3), CH(2)D, CHD(2), and CD(3) have been recorded in the vicinity of the first adiabatic ionization threshold following single-photon excitation from the ground neutral state using a narrow-bandwidth vacuum-ultraviolet laser. The radicals were produced from the precursor molecules methyl-bromide, methyl-iodide, dimethyl-thioether, acetone, and nitromethane by 193 nm excimer photolysis in a quartz capillary and were subsequently cooled to a rotational temperature T(rot) approximately equal to 30 K in a supersonic expansion. Nitromethane was identified as a particularly suitable photolytic precursor of methyl for studies by photoionization and threshold photoelectron spectroscopy. Thanks to the cold rotational temperature reached in the supersonic expansion, the rotational structure of the threshold ionization spectra could be resolved, and the photoionization dynamics investigated. Rydberg series converging on excited rotational levels of CH(3) (+) could be observed in the range of principal quantum number n=30-50, and both rotational autoionization and predissociation were identified as decay processes in the threshold region. The observed photoionization transitions can be understood in the realm of an orbital model for direct ionization but the intensity distributions can only be fully accounted for if the rotational channel interactions mediated by the quadrupole of the cation are considered. Improved values of the adiabatic ionization thresholds were derived for all isotopomers [CH(3): 79 356.2(15) cm(-1), CH(2)D: 79 338.8(15) cm(-1), CHD(2): 79 319.1(15) cm(-1), and CD(3): 79 296.4(15) cm(-1)].
The pulsed-field-ionization zero-kinetic-energy photoelectron spectra of allene (C3H4) and perdeuterated allene have been recorded from the first adiabatic ionization energy up to 2200 cm−1 of internal energy in the cations at a resolution sufficient to observe the full rotational structure. The intensity distributions in the spectra are dominated by vibrational progressions in the torsional mode, which were analyzed in the realm of a two-dimensional model of the E⊗(b1⊕b2) Jahn–Teller effect in the allene cation [C. Woywod and W. Domcke, Chem. Phys. 162, 349 (1992)]. Whereas the rotational structure of the transitions to the lowest torsional levels (00 and 41) are regular and can be qualitatively analyzed in terms of a simple orbital ionization model, the rotational structure of the spectra of the 42 and 43 levels are strongly perturbed. The photoelectron spectrum of C3H4 also reveals several weak vibrational bands in the immediate vicinity of these levels that are indicative of (ro)vibronic perturbations. A slight broadening of the transitions to the 41 levels compared to that of the vibronic ground state and the increase of the number of sharp features in the rotational structure of the spectrum of the 42 level point at the importance of large-amplitude motions not considered in previous treatments of the Jahn–Teller effect in the allene cation.
The rotational structure of the lowest three vibrational levels (0(0), 6(1) and 4(1)) of the 3p(x) (1)A(2) Rydberg state of formaldehyde has been studied by doubly-resonant three-photon ionization spectroscopy. A strong a-type Coriolis interaction between the in-plane rocking (ν(6)) and out-of-plane bending (ν(4)) modes results in the observation of vibronically forbidden transitions to the 6(1) level from the intermediate Ã(1)A(2) (2(1) 4(3)) level. The full widths at half maximum of the rovibronic transitions to the 4(1) state are considerably larger than to the vibrational ground state and the 6(1) level. The band origin (T(0) = 67 728.939(82) cm(-1)), the rigid rotor rotational constants (A = 9.006(19) cm(-1), B = 1.331(20) cm(-1), and C = 1.135(22) cm(-1)), the Coriolis coupling constant (ξ = 8.86(89) cm(-1)) and the deperturbed fundamental wave numbers of both vibrational modes (v[combining tilde](6) = 808.88(25) cm(-1) and v[combining tilde](4) = 984.92(26) cm(-1)) have been determined for the 3p(x) (1)A(2) Rydberg state. Polarization effects originating from the double-resonance technique have been exploited to detect the Coriolis interaction and investigate how it affects the predissociation dynamics.
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