The object of the study is the process of functioning of the working bodies of a rotary tillage machine, with the help of which the lifting and feeding of the soil cut by them to the loosening and separating device is carried out. The technological process of the machine operation is described with the cultivator points from the chisel working body installed in the front part of the pointed paw, which are located at an angle of 260 to the horizon and properly ensure the penetration of the working bodies into the soil. Using the method of variational calcification, the form of the minimum traction resistance cultivator points for lifting and feeding the soil to the loosening and separating device is justified. It was experimentally determined that a cultivator points with a theoretically justified profile has a traction resistance 38.7% less than a cultivator points with a straight profile. The relevance of the study is to ensure the minimum traction resistance of the working bodies for cutting and lifting the soil of a rotary tillage machine, which will make it possible to reduce energy costs for pre-sowing tillage. The target group of consumers of information in the article is designers, specialists engaged in the development of tillage machines.
Layer-by-layer loosening of soil contributes to an increase in energy consumption for its cultivation. Thus, in order to reduce traction resistance, a blade with a variable crumbling angle has been developed. In the blade stand area, it is proposed to increase crumbling angle of the chisel plow by analogy with working bodies of the chisel plow to 300, and the blade wing should be made in the form of a flat-cutting blade with a small crumbling angle. To substantiate paw profile in the strut zone, a static equation of action of forces has been drawn up depending on curve shape of the front. Distribution regularity of specific soil pressures on the blade has been determined. To verify results reliability of theoretical studies, a field experiment was carried out. Behind the tractor wheel, a beam with 4 proposed blades was installed, first row blades were set to a depth of 7 cm, and second row blades, following the trail of the first blades, to a depth of 15 cm. Using method of soil sifting on sieves with round holes, structural and aggregate composition of soil was determined along the track. Maximum lump size in the traditionally treated area is 105 mm, while maximum lump size in the layer-treated area is 80 mm, which is 24% less. Use of layer-by-layer processing in the areas compacted by the tractor propellers made it possible to improve soil pulverization quality, and thereby reduce negative factors of overcompaction by tractor running system.
Practice of operating heavy wheeled machines (T-150K, K-700, K-701) and experimental data show that even if the average pressure of a wheel on soil is maintained, degree of its compaction increases. To explain this phenomenon, in our opinion, it is necessary to develop a mathematical model of interaction process of a deformable pneumatic with an elastic-plastic medium, which is considered to be soil subject to modern processing. Working parts of agricultural machines process a wide variety of materials, number of which is increasing, in addition, method of processing the same material is often changed in an effort to improve agricultural technology. This forces us to create new mechanisms for agriculture that were known before. Use of replaceable toothed working parts on flat-cut cultivators helps to reduce energy consumption and improve quality of non-moldboard soil cultivation. Article proposes a method for mathematical description of distribution of machine load over contact surface of a wheeled mover with deformable soil. At the same time, several assumptions and conditions were adopted, namely: volume of skeletal part of deformable soil element remains constant, independent of deformation; contact surface is a curve of two radii - in the load zone (Rl) and in the unloading zone (Ru), tire operating in driven mode has no skids; deformable soil is uniform in depth; wheel load is constant; tire radial stiffness along tread portion width is also constant in magnitude and direction; lateral pressure along deformable soil depth is small and is not taken into account in calculation.
Small forms of management of the Republic of Angola are in great need of support and development, since according to the World Bank, 80% of Angola’s agricultural production, which involves 46% of the population, are small subsidiary farms with an area of 2 hectares without mechanization, infrastructure, high-quality seed and other means of production. The mass introduction of motorcycle cultivators with a capacity of 3-5 to 12 hp with a set of machines and tools for them will significantly accelerate the transition from manual labor to mechanized. It is obvious that the modernization and optimization of these tools is a continuous process, where each user, to one degree or another, individually adjusts the tools acquired from the factory manufacturer to their soil conditions, seed material and power of the tractor. One of the components of the agricultural production process is sowing. In this paper, a precision seeding drill of a motor-block format and its working bodies a coulter group fo r s oil conditions of the Republic of Angola, are considered. A review of the theoretical prerequisites for substantiating the design parameters of a tillerblock seed drill for sowin g sorghum seeds was carried out, and the optimal parameters of the coulter operation process were determined depending on the speed of the unit (V km/h), the angle of attack of the coulter stand (α, deg), the angle of soil crumbling (β, deg). Scientific research was carried out according to the strategy of modernization of agriculture in Angola.
The subject research is operation of a combined machine for soil preparation and seeding of sunflower and corn seeds. Technological process of machine operation with installed guides, passive rotating flat discs with flanges (which properly ensure movement of soil along the plough share to loosening-separating device), a sowing device, a seed tube, a furrow former, a rotor, a separating grid, a parallelogram mechanism, a spring, a share is described. Dynamic prerequisites for increasing uniformity of depth of groove formation and seed placement in depth in soil are considered. Values of length of links of parallelogram mechanism, initial angle of their installation and stiffness of spring, values of deviations of combined machine section from given depth of movement of plough share are determined. It is proved that with an increase in length of levers of parallelogram mechanism, maximum deviations of section increase. An increase in initial angle of inclination of levers of parallelogram mechanism causes an increase in maximum deflections. As spring stiffness increases, maximum deflections decrease. Relevance of study lies in ensuring stability of copying soil surface by working bodies of combined machine while depth of seeding remains unchanged along entire length of movement, which will make it possible to increase movement speed and unit width. Target group of consumers of information in the article - designers, specialists involved in development of tillage machines.
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