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Long-term immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) is widely accepted for the prevention of recurrent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection after liver transplantation in HBV-V iral reinfection is the main problem after liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver disease. 1,2 Long-term antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) immunoprophylaxis (hepatitis B immune globulin [HBIG]) is an efficient way of preventing HBV reinfection in HBV DNA-negative patients. [3][4][5][6] There is no consensus on the optimal duration of HBIG administration. Attempts have been made to stop HBIG administration and to replace it with HBV vaccination 7,8 or lamivudine. 9,10 Active HBV replication before transplantation is the main factor predictive of failure of HBIG prophylaxis. Attempts to improve the results of prophylaxis in patients with active HBV replication include maintenance of anti-HBs antibody titers over 500 IU/L 11,12 and antiviral therapy before and after transplantation. 13 Lamivudine administration before and after transplantation, without HBIG, is hindered by the occurrence of drug-resistant mutants. [13][14][15] However, combined prophylaxis with lamivudine and HBIG has shown promising results. [16][17][18][19][20][21] This article reports the long-term results of HBIG administration in 284 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive liver transplantation patients and of combination prophylaxis with HBIG and antiviral therapy before and after transplantation in a subgroup of 25 HBV DNA-

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