No abstract

We investigated the contribution of reactive oxygen species to the development of sebaceous gland hyperplasia and the characteristics of the glutathione S-transferase/glutathione system in male pattern baldness. Glutathione S-transferase, glutathione, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were determined in sebaceous gland-enriched scalp skin of men affected by male pattern baldness and were subjected to hair autotransplantation. In comparison with the hairy occipital-donor areas, the following results were obtained in alopecic frontoparietal samples: glutathione S-transferase-specific activity increased 7-fold (p < 0.001); enzyme affinity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene decreased 2-fold (p = 0.009); glutathione content decreased 2.5-fold (p = 0.017); and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances increased 2-fold (p = 0.006). Chromatofocusing analysis, bromosulfophthalein IC50 values, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry with polyclonal antibodies raised against glutathione S-transferases alpha, mu, and pi demonstrated the presence of alpha, pi, and probably the 5.8 alpha isoenzymes in the sebaceous gland. These results support the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species are involved in the pathogenesis of sebaceous gland hyperplasia in male pattern baldness.

Oxidative phenotype and metabolic ratio (MR) of debrisoquine (DBQ) have been determined in 87 patients with Parkinson's disease and in 556 healthy control subjects. Three patients (3-45%) and 34 control subjects (6-12%), having an MR > 12-6, were classified as poor metabolisers (PM) of DBQ (ns).

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The consumption of antidiabetic drugs in a Spanish region (Extremadura) in the period 1986-1987 has been investigated by the "defined daily dose" (DDD) method. The study was done in three health care systems in the region: civil servants ("Mutualidad de Funcionarios Civiles del Estado: MUFACE") armed forces group ("Instituto Social de las Fuerzas Armadas: ISFAS") and the national system ("Instituto Nacional de la Salud: INSALUD"). The total consumption of antidiabetic drugs varied three-fold, ranging from 5,73 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day (3,71 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day for oral antidiabetic drugs and 2,02 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day for insulin) in the civil servant group to 15,82 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day (12 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day for oral antidiabetic drugs and 3,82 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day for insulins) in the armed forces. The differences were more pronounced for oral antidiabetics than for insulins. The utilization of insulin among the civil servants was about half of that by the two other groups. Of oral antidiabetics, sulphonylureas were the most frequently used by the three groups, and within them glibenclamide accounted for more than half of the DDDs, while biguanides were scarcely used in any group. The differences are difficult to assess, since they could be due to several factors, such as age-differences in the population studied, different prescribing habits, and differences in sociocultural level. The results justify further comparative studies of drug utilization in different health systems within the same region.