No abstract

No abstract

To investigate effects of light wavelengths and coherence on growth of liquid-cultured Inonotus obliquus mycelia, melanin accumulation and enzymes activity, culture condition as light of different wavelengths and coherence were studied. Short-term exposure of the vegetative mycelium by low-intensity coherent blue light was optimal for stimulation of growth, melanin synthesis, and increase in extracellular and intracellular activities of tyrosinase and polyphenoloxidase and extracellular catalase. Red coherent light, in the same mode, can effectively be used to stimulate the growth of mycelium and to increase intracellular and extracellular activity of polyphenoloxidase, extracellular catalase and tyrosinase, and intracellular peroxidase. Low-coherent light had less stimulating effect on the biosynthetic activity of I. оbliquus. It should be used in the cultivation directed at the obtaining endomelanin, polyphenoloxidase, and extracellular tyrosinase.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

This report concentrates on dynamic probabilistic risk analysis of optical elements for complex characterization of damages using physical model of solid state lasers and predictable level of ionizing radiation and space weather. The following main subjects will be covered by our report: (a) a solid-state laser model; (b) mathematical models for dynamic probabilistic risk assessment; and (c) software for modeling and prediction of ionizing radiation. A probabilistic risk assessment method for solid-state lasers is presented with consideration of some deterministic and stochastic factors. Probabilistic risk assessment is a comprehensive, structured, and logical analysis method aimed at identifying and assessing risks in solid-state lasers for the purpose of cost-effectively improving their safety and performance. This method is based on the Conditional Value-at-Risk measure (CVaR) and the expected loss exceeding Value-at-Risk (VaR). We propose a new dynamical-information approach for radiation damage risk assessment of laser elements by cosmic radiation. Our approach includes the following steps: (a)laser modeling, modeling of ionizing radiation influences on laser elements, (b) probabilistic risk assessment methods, and (c) risk minimization. For computer simulation of damage processes at microscopic and macroscopic levels the following methods are used: (a) statistical; (b) dynamical; (c) optimization; (d) acceleration modeling, and (e) mathematical modeling of laser functioning. Mathematical models of space ionizing radiation influence on laser elements were developed for risk assessment in laser safety analysis. This is a so-called 'black box' or 'input-output' model, which seeks only to reproduce the behaviour of the system's output in response to changes in its inputs. The model inputs are radiation influences on laser systems and output parameters are dynamical characteristics of the solid laser.

Particle localization plays a fundamental role in advanced biological techniques such as single-molecule tracking, superresolution microscopy, and manipulation by optical and magnetic tweezers. Such techniques require fast and accurate particle localization algorithms as well as nanometer-scale stability of the microscope. Here, we present a universal method for three-dimensional localization of single labeled and unlabeled particles based on local gradient calculation of particle images. The method outperforms state-of-the-art localization techniques in high-noise conditions, and it is capable of 3D nanometer accuracy localization of nano- and microparticles with sub-millisecond calculation time. By localizing a fixed particle as fiducial mark and running a feedback loop, we demonstrate its applicability for active drift correction in sensitive nanomechanical measurements such as optical trapping and superresolution imaging. A multiplatform open software package comprising a set of tools for local gradient calculation in brightfield, darkfield, and fluorescence microscopy is shared for ready use by the scientific community.