MONDAY MORNING f EQEC'94 / 13 mirror, we use the evanescent wave that is formed by total internal reflection of a strong laser beam in a (glass) prism. The evanescent wave provides a strong intensity gradient, and thus combines a large potential with a very short interaction time, thereby limiting spontaneous emission even further. To reflect sodium atoms with a velocity of 1 m/s, at a detuning of 2 GHz, a laser intensity of -6 W/ cm' is required. To obtain a reasonable reflective area mirror, this means a laser power of -1 W is required, just barely within the range of commercial dye lasers. We achieve high laser intensities over a bigger spot s u e by coupling the laser to a thin dielectric wave guide, that is deposited on a prism. Thus we obtain an evanescent wave which is a factor of 100-1000 stronger than would be the case for the bare prism. ' We present the first measurements using such an enhanced evanescent wave as a mirror in which to reflect atoms at normal incidence. Sodium atoms are collected in a magneto-optical trap, cooled to -40 p K using polarization gradient cooling and then released to accelerate in the gravity field. The atomic mirror sits 1 M O mm under the trap, and reflects the atomic wave. The reflected atoms are detected in the trap region after their ballistic flight time. We report a large enhancement of the evanescent wave, observed by reflection of atoms dropped from a 10mm hei ht on a large area atomic mirror (10 m m ) up until large detunings (10 GHz) using moderate amounts of laser power (500 mW).
3method depends on the decoupling of high order Green's functions. A comparison of the results of the different methods might reveal information about the mathematics of the decouphg, which is often obscure although the method is physically intuitive. This will be done at a later stage.Abstract. Relativistic corrections to P +H charge transfer are calculated. It is found that relativistic effects completely change the high energy behaviour, but that at the highest energies yet used (10 MeV) the corrections are not signilicant.
We propose a method that allows one to carry out a remote estimation of small concentrations of gases dissolved in water at large depths. The method is based on modulation laser spectroscopy combined with the application of a fiber-optical communication line. We demonstrate specific features and advantages of the method of modulation laser spectroscopy for the spectral analysis in aqueous media with large attenuation. We develop the structural scheme of a measuring system, whose main components are a one-mode fiber-optical communication line, a laser diode with tuning frequency, and a gauge in the form of a hollow ellipsoidal mirror reflector. The principle of self-focusing of radiation in the gauge is considered. The expedience of the use of modulation laser spectroscopy and a measuring system in the solution of problems of the analysis of aqueous media is evaluated.
We demonstrate the design of an electrowetting lens employing a high-aspect-ratio hemispherical lens cavity and its micro-electro-mechanicalsystem (MEMS) fabrication process in this study. Our preliminary simulation results showed that the physical and electrical durability of the lens can be improved by the mitigation of stresses on the insulator at the hemispherical cavity. High-aspect-ratio hemispherical cavities with various diameters and very smooth sidewall surfaces were uniformly fabricated on a silicon wafer by a sophisticated isotropic wet etching technique. Moreover, we experimentally investigated the optical properties of the MEMS-based electrowetting lens with the proposed cavity. Two immiscible liquids in the proposed lens cavity were electrostatically controlled with negligible optical distortion and low focal-length hysteresis due to the fully axis-symmetrical geometry and smooth sidewall of the cavity. #
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.