Purpose-The purpose of this descriptive and cross-sectional study is to explore the relationships between managers' leadership styles and employees' job satisfaction in
PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to determine the impact of cultural values on the success of TQM implementation in Isfahan University Hospitals (IUHs), Iran, 2004.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper survey questionnaires were used to elicit responses from hospital managers and employees. Data collected included the characteristics of organizational culture in IUHs and the degree of TQM success and its implementation problems in these hospitals.FindingsThe paper finds that TQM success in IUHs was medium. Implementation of TQM was very low, low, medium and highly successful respectively in 16.7, 16.7, 58.3 and 8.3 percent of hospitals. TQM had the most effect on process management, focus on customers and leadership and management and less effect on focus on suppliers, performance results, strategic planning and focus on material resources. Human resource problems, performance appraisal and strategic problems were the most important obstacles to TQM success respectively. A total of 75 and 25 percent of hospitals had mechanistic and organic structure respectively. In total 41.6 percent of hospitals had weak organizational culture versus 58.4 percent medium culture. The success of TQM in hospitals with organic organizational structure and medium organizational culture was higher than mechanistic and bureaucratic hospitals with weak organizational culture (p<0.05).Originality/valueThe paper shows that TQM requires a quality‐oriented organizational culture supported by senior management commitment and involvement, organizational learning and entrepreneurship, team working and collaboration, risk taking, open communication, continuous improvement, customers focus (both internal and external), partnership with suppliers, and monitoring and evaluation of quality. By replicating this study in different countries and contexts the results could be very helpful for developing a model of TQM that can be implemented successfully in a cross‐cultural context.
Purpose-The objective of this research is to investigate the success of TQM and barriers to its successful implementation in health care services organizations in Isfahan province, Iran, 2004. Design/methodology/approach-This descriptive and cross-sectional research was done via two questionnaires (TQM success and its barriers). The statistical population of this research consists of all managers of health care services organizations who implemented TQM in their organizations (90 managers). Findings-TQM success in Isfahan health care organizations was high. In correlation analyses between the success of TQM and its principles, success, process management and focus on employees had a positive and the greatest effect and focus on material resources and on suppliers had a lower effect. In correlation analysis between the barriers to TQM and the problem dimensions, human resource, strategic and structural problems were the most important obstacles and barriers to TQM successful implementation respectively. Research limitations/implications-Although conducted in Iran, it is anticipated that the findings may well have relevance on a broader scale. Originality/value-By replicating this study in different countries and contexts the results could be very fruitful for developing a model of TQM that can be implemented easily, effectively, efficiently and successfully in a cross-cultural context.
Background. Domestic violence comes in various forms, such as psychological, verbal, sexual, etc., and during pregnancy it has many complications, including maternal and foetal.Objectives. This study aimed to investigate a variety of interventions performed concerning domestic violence and its dimensions in pregnant women in a systematic review. Material and methods. The databases of Scopus, PubMed, SID and Web of Science were searched for the observational and interventional studies published in Persian and English examining interventions in domestic violence cases in pregnant women. The used keywords were "Domestic violence, Intervention, Pregnancy and other areas of violence". Unrelated and common cases were eliminated from 6,056 retrieved studies, and finally, the remaining articles consisted of 1, 6 and 11 articles concerning emotional, psychological and social interventions, respectively, along with 7 review articles. Results. Studies have shown that most interventions are related to the emotional, psychological and social domains. The principles of interpersonal psychotherapy and rehabilitation counselling were emphasised in the psychological domain. In the social domain, most of the reviewed interventions indicated that researchers' efforts and the type of interventions were mostly based on social support, which is based on the structure and framework ranging from one's family level to society. Social applications of increasing women's health and safety were introduced through increasing effective interaction with healthcare providers, increasing the adoption of safety behaviours and improving providers' ability to detect domestic violence. Conclusions. According to the reviewed studies, an integrated care system should be used that can encompass all effective factors in preventive interventions and continuous and effective care.
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