, Tél: +229 97730503 RESUME Au Bénin, la caviaculture est méconnue du grand public. Elle est ignorée des chercheurs et des décideurs politiques. Ainsi, l'objectif de cette étude est d'identifier les zones d'élevage de cobayes, décrire les différentes techniques d'élevage et faire la typologie de ces élevages. A cet effet, une enquête conduite suivant la méthode en boule de neige a été utilisée. Il ressort de cette étude que l'élevage des cobayes se rencontre aussi bien en zone urbaine que rurale dans certaines régions du Sud et du Nord. Quatre types d'élevage ont été identifiés avec des techniques d'élevages très rudimentaires. Les cobayes élevés sont destinés à l'autoconsommation et la commercialisation. Les hommes sont majoritairement impliqués dans cet élevage (75% de l'effectif total) ; toutes les tranches d'âge sont retrouvées mais ceux plus âgés de 40 ans sont les plus représentés (35%). Un effectif du cheptel variant de 1 à 10 têtes est souvent rencontré dans les élevages. Un essor de la caviaculture au Bénin passera par la mise en place de stratégies participatives avec les éleveurs permettant l'adoption effective des cobayes dans les habitudes alimentaires et son utilisation dans les centres de formation et de recherche. © 2017 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés : Caviaculture, système de production, région rurale, région urbaine, Bénin. Typology of guinea pigs stock farming (Cavia porcellus) in Benin ABSTRACTIn Benin, caviaculture is not widely known. It is ignored by the researchers and the policymakers. The aim of this study is to identify growing areas of guinea pigs, describe the different farming techniques and to do the typology of stock framing. For this purpose, a survey conducted following the snowball method was used. It appears from this study that guinea pigs' breeding is found in both urban and rural areas in parts of the South and North. Four classes of breeding were identified with farmings techniques very rudimentary. Guinea pigs were bred for human consumption and marketing. The Men are mainly involved in this farming (75% of the total); all ages are found but those older than 40 years are the most represented (35%). A number of livestock varying from 1 to 10 guinea pigs is often found in stock farming. A rise of caviaculture in Benin will go through the A.M.L. FAIHUN et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 11(2): 557-570, 2017 557 development of participatory strategies with breeders for the effective adoption of the guinea pigs in eating habits and its use in training and research centers.
Effet des feuilles de Moringa oleifera et de Commelina benghalensis sur les performances de croissance et les caractéristiques de carcasse des cochons d'Inde au Sud-Bénin
Évaluer la palatabilité de onze fourrages tropicaux chez les cobayes (Cavia porcellus). Des cobayes appartenant à deux stades physiologiques (jeunes et adultes) ont fait l’objet des tests sur la palatabilité. Onze espèces fourragères tirées des résultats d’enquête auprès des éleveurs locaux ont été utilisées : Panicum maximum C1(Herbe de Guinée var C1), Panicum maximum local (Herbe de Guinée local), Pennisetum purpureum (Herbe éléphant), Elaeis guineensis (Palmier à huile), Musa acuminata (Bananier), Manihot esculenta (Manioc), Carica papaya (Papayer), Centrosema pubescens (Haricot sauvage), Moringa olifera (Moringe), Talinum triangulare (Pourpier tropical) et Tridax procumbens (Herbe à lapins). L’indice de palatabilité (IP) de chaque fourrage a été déterminé selon la méthode décrite par Salem et al. (2000). Panicum maximum local a présenté l’indice de préférence le plus élevé aussi bien chez les jeunes que chez les adultes, les valeurs ont été respectivement de 0,22 et 0,38. Centrosoma pubescens, Tridax procumbens et Panicum maximum C1 ont aussi présenté des indices de préférence élevés pour les deux stades physiologiques des cobayes. Les valeurs obtenues pour Centrosoma pubescens ont été de 0,22 chez les jeunes contre 0,25 chez les adultes, pour Tridax procumbens 0,19 chez les jeunes contre 0,24 chez les adultes, pour Panicum maximum C1 0,10 chez les jeunes contre 0,15 chez les adultes. Les valeurs d’indice de préférence les plus faibles ont été obtenues pour les espèces fourragères Musa acuminata (IP=0,00 chez les jeunes contre 0,02 chez les adultes) et Elaeis guineensis (IP=0,01 chez les jeunes contre 0,01 chez les adultes). Les valeurs obtenues pour les indices de préférences ont été influencées significativement par l’âge de l’animal (p-value = 0.005651) et le type de fourrage (p-value < 2.2e-16). La présente étude a permis d’évaluer la palatabilité de onze espèces fourragères chez des cobayes de différents stades physiologiques et d’en retenir les plus appétées par ces animaux. La connaissance des espèces fourragères les plus appréciées par les cobayes et la composition chimique de ces dernières permettront d'optimiser les stratégies d'alimentation dans les élevages. Palatability of eleven tropical forages in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) of different physiological stages in Benin To evaluate the palatability of eleven tropical forages in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Guinea pigs from two physiological stages (young and adult) were tested for palatability. Eleven forage species from survey results from local breeders were used : Panicum maximum C1 (Guinea grass C1), Panicum maximum local (local Guinea grass), Pennisetum purpureum (Elephant grass), Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm), Musa acuminata (Banana), Manihot esculenta (Cassava), Carica papaya (Pawpaw), Centrosema pubescens (Butterfly pea), Moringa olifera (Moringa), Talinum triangulare (Potherb fameflower) et Tridax procumbens (Coat buttons). The palatability index (PI) of each forage was determined by following the procedure described by Salem et al. (2000). Local Panicum maximum had the highest preference index in both young and adults, with values of 0.22 and 0.38, respectively. Centrosoma pubescens, Tridax procumbens and Panicum maximum C1 also showed high preference indices for the two physiological stages of guinea pigs. The values obtained for Centrosoma pubescens were 0.22 in the young against 0.25 in the adults, for Tridax procumbens 0.19 in the young against 0.24 in the adults, for Panicum maximum C1, 0.10 in the young against 0.15 in adults. The lowest preference index values were obtained for the forage species Musa acuminata (IP = 0.00 in young versus 0.02 in adults) and Elaeis guineensis (IP = 0.01 in young versus 0.01 in adults). The values obtained for the preference indices were significantly influenced by the age of the animal (p-value = 0.005651) and the type of forage (p-value <2.2e-16). The present study evaluated the palatability of eleven forage species in guinea pigs of different physiological stages and retained the most palatable of these animals. The knowledge of the forage species most appreciated by the guinea pigs and the chemical composition of the latter will optimize the feeding strategies in the farms.
To contribute solutions to the problem of animal protein shortage for human consumption in Cameroon, a study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Dschang- Cameroon to evaluate the effects of inclusion levels of Tithonia diversifolia leaf meal (TDLM) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of rabbits. The leaves were chopped, boiled for 5 minutes, drained, sundried, milled and analysed for proximate composition in the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition. The leaf meal was used to formulate 4 experimental diets containing 0% (control) 15, 20 and 25% of the TDLM, corresponding to T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. A total of 40 (20 males and 20 females) 2-months-old rabbits, weighing 1000 ± 125g were randomly assigned to the 4 dietary treatments in a 4 x 10 replicates in a completely randomized design. The live weights of the animals were evaluated weekly for 9 weeks. Eight (8) rabbits (4 males and 4 females) per treatment were randomly selected and sacrificed for carcass evaluation. The data collected were then submitted to one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Mean differences were separated using Duncan. The results showed that incorporation of TDLM induced a decrease in daily feed consumption. The least daily feed intake was observed in treatment T3 (109.14g/d) while the highest daily weight gain (24.49g/d) and the least feed conversion ratio (4.61) were also observed in the same treatment T3. However, no significant differences were observed for these parameters (P>0.05) between the treatments although daily weight gain was higher and feed conversion ratio lower in the males as compared to the females. Carcass yield (C.Y.) was higher in the control T1 (52.39%) though comparable (P>0.05) with all the other treatments. Abdominal fat was significantly (P<0.05) lower (1.90%) in the treatment T0 but it was comparable to T3 while it was highest (2.28%) in T2. However, C.Y. was higher in males and abdominal fat was higher in females when sex was considered. The relative weight of the lungs was highest in T1 (0.55%), liver in T2 (2.25%), kidneys in T1 (0.56%) and the heart in treatment T2 (0.25%) though, there were no significant differences (P> 0.05) observed in organs weights. Although there were significant differences between organs of different sexes, no regular pattern was maintained. These all signified nutritional adequacy at all levels of inclusion of TDLM, improving growth performance at the inclusion level of 25%. T. diversifolia leaves boiled for 5 minutes, sundried and milled can therefore be used as an alternative ingredient which when included in the rations of rabbits up to 25%, still compares well with conventional ingredients in growth and carcass performance irrespective of the sex. However, the use of TDLM could significantly reduce the cost of feeding and enhance meat production as it is relatively more abundant as compared to other ingredients
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