The present experiments were carried out in El-Mattana Research Station (latitude of 25.25°N and longitude of 32.31°E), Agricultural Research Center, Luxor Governorate, Egypt. The present work was conducted on two plant cane crops grown in 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons to study the yield, quality and natural of infestation with lesser sugarcane borer, Chilo agamemnon Bles., and pokkah boeng disease (Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon) and other diseases of four sugarcane varieties (G.T.54-9, G.2003-47, Ph 8013 and C. 57-14) as affected by three levels of potassium fertilization (zero, 24 and 48 kg K 2 O/fed.). The results showed that the difference in mostly traits between sugarcane variety G.T.54-9 and G.2003-47 was insignificant, they surpassed the other two varieties in number of millable canes and cane and sugar yield/fed. Also, they recorded the highest percentages of infestation with C. agamemnon Bles., and pokkah boeng, during the two successive seasons. The sugarcane variety Ph 8013 showed significant superiority in stalk weight, sucrose% and sugar recovery%. However, the variance between the two sugarcane varieties namely Ph 8013 and G.2003-47 in sucrose% and sugar recovery% was insignificant. Increasing the applied dose of potassium fertilizer up to 48 kg K 2 O/fed. was accompanied by a significant increase in the values of number of millable canes, stalk weight/plant and sugar yields as well as decreased of percentage of infestation with C. agamemnon Bles., and pokkah boeng disease, during the two successive seasons. However, the variance between 24 and 48 K 2 O/fed. in sucrose%, sugar recovery% and cane yields/fed. was insignificant during the two successive seasons. Fertilizing sugar cane crop by 24 and 48 kg K2O/fed. increased cane yield by 6.47 % & 7.51 % during the first season and 4.51 % & 11.34 % during the second season, respectively, compared with check treatment.

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Pot experiments were carried out during two successive seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 at the experimental farm of Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt to study the effect of different types of fertilizers, traditional NPK (t-NPK) at 2.0 g/pot, nano NPK (n-NPK) at 0.5 and 1.0 g/l, active dry yeast extract (ADYE) at 5.0 and 10.0 g/l, moringa leaves extract (MLE) at 5.0 and 10.0%, and some combinations (ADYE at 5.0 g/l + MLE at 5.0%, MLE at 10% + n-NPK at 1.0 g/l and ADYE at 10.0 g/l + n-NPK at 1.0 g/l) as well as untreated plants (control) on flowering and some chemical constituents of Gladiolus grandiflorus cv. Rose Suprem. The results showed that MLE at 10% produced the highest values for number of florets/spike and spike stem length (cm) followed by MLE at 10% + n-NPK at 1 g/l which gave the highest values in case of spike stem diameter (cm), flower diameter (cm), fresh and dry weights of cut spike (g). On the other hand, chemical constituents of chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids of fresh leaves (mg/g), N, P, K and total carbohydrates (%) were influenced by different fertilization treatments, the mastery in this concern was to application of MLE at 10% + n-NPK at 1 g/l. It could be recommended that application of Gladiolus grandiflorus cv. Rose Suprem by MLE at 10% + n-NPK at 1 g/l to get the best results regarding flowering and chemical constituents.

This study was conducted at El-Mattana Agricultural Research Station, Luxor Governorate, Egypt (latitude of 25.17° N and longitude of 32. 33°E) on three sugar crop cycles 2017/18 (plant cane crop), 2018/19 (the first ratoon) and 2019/20 (the second ratoon) to screen sugarcane genotypes for yield, quality and borer resistance, also estimates the relationship among agronomical and pathological traits based on principal components biplot analysis. Results revealed that significant differences among sugarcane genotypes in susceptibility to the lesser sugarcane borer, Chilo agamemnon infestation measured as bored stalk%, bored joints %, girdled stalks%, mean no. holes/joint, mean no. holes/bored joint and mean no. holes/stalk in the three studied seasons. In plant cane and first ratoon seasons the genotype L 62-96 exhibited the highest bored stalk %. While, in the second ratoon, the genotype G.T.54-9 was recorded the highest bored stalk %. Three genotypes (F. 150, M 57-35 and G. 2008-20) were the most tolerant in plant cane season recording the lowest bored stalk%. While, in the 1 st ratoon season, EH88/5-27 and SP72-5181 genotypes were recording lowest bored stalk%. Meanwhile, in the 2 nd ratoon season, SP 81-3250, F. 150, F 161 and G. 2007-61 genotypes were recording lowest bored stalk% respectively.

The main objective of present study was to evaluate the toxicity of Malathion 57% EC, Potegon 20% SP, K.Z oil, and Neem (Azadirachta indica) extract AgNPs for controlling the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and their effects on enzymes as indicators on soil fertility in tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum). The tested insecticides could be arranged in descending order according to their potency as follows: Malathion 57% EC > Potegon 20% SP > K.Z oil > Neem extract AgNPs. These compounds succeeded in controlling A. gossypii, where the means of reduction percentages of infestation were 79.92, 72.61, 73.18 and 72.52 %, respectively in the 2018/2019 season opposed to 76.09, 74.61, 72.97 and 71.38 %, respectively in the 2019/2020 season. The enzymes activity were not affected by the K. Z. oil, and Neem extract AgNPs applied on tomato plants. Mineral oil and plant extracts could form the basis for a successful formulation of bio-pesticides.