We collected root nodules of faba bean plants from nine different area in Menofia Governorate. Twenty five isolates were collected from faba bean as a host trap. We identified our tested isolates for morphological characteristics (motility, carbol fuchsin stain and gram stain) and biochemical characteristics (acid or alkli production, utilization of different carbon sources, pH and NaCl tolerance, and starch and urea hydrolysis). We tested them on molecular level by amplification of 16s rRNA gene. All tested isolates came to be motile, gram-negative, not able to absorb Congo red. Results of biochemical testes showed that all tested isolates were acid producers, fast growers, able to survive on NaCl concentration ranging from 0.5 to 5%. All of them were able to grow in presence of wide range of pH (5 to 8). 16s rRNA gene came to be same size (about 1500 bp) in all Rhizobial isolates.

In this study the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and association mapping of fiber and agronomic characters is assessed using 11 Egyptian cotton genotypes and 116 random amplified polymorphic DNA markers (RAPDs). The studied genotypes, using Bayesian algorithm, showed weak population structure and were assigned to three admixed clusters. Additionally, high level of relatedness was observed conforms to full-and half-sibs relationship. The LD showed slow decay with distance (< 50 cM). The population structure and relatedness are considered while conducting association mapping. Consequently, the Unified Mixed Model approach was used to account for population/family structures by inclusion of population structure (Q) and kinship (K) matrices. With such considerations, a total of five significant associations were observed between RAPD and agronomic characters. Among these associations single RAPD marker concurrently associated with three traits. These findings highlight the potential of association mapping in Gossypium barbadense considering population and family structure. Also the co-association would accelerate the marker assisted section (MAS) programs as a single marker could be utilized to breed for multiple correlated traits.

The main objectives of this study were isolation and characterization of some Trichoderma isolates and selection of the best isolates as biocontrol agent. Also improving of these isolates by protoplast fusion and selection of the best strains produced from protoplast fusion. Accordingly, 25 isolates of Trichoderma were obtained and characterized on morphological and molecular bases. It was found that the predominate species in Menoufia governorate was T. harzianum. These isolates showed high ability in inhibition of growth rate of phytopathogenic fungi. Also, they demonstrated different abilities in producing chitinase enzymes (cell wall degradation enzyme for phytopathogenic fungi). Five isolates were selected for improving by protoplast fusion and six isolates obtained from fusion were selected on the basis of their high abilities in hydrolyzing chitin. Also, these strains were better than their parents in inhibition growth rate of phytopathogenic fungi. In addition, they integrated high production of chitinase enzymes. In green house evaluation on faba bean plants, the obtained result showed that the plants treated with these strains and the pathogen were better in growth parameters than the plants treated by the pathogen only. Also, this treatment showed better growth parameters than the plants treated by parenteral isolates and the phytopathogen.

In the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in environmentally friendly sustainable agricultural practices, thus increasing the role of biofertilizers such as rhizobia, which can decrease the need for chemical fertilizers, reduce adverse environmental effects, and help to save money. Therefore, information on the distribution and genetic variation of native rhizobial isolates would aid in selecting novel rhizobial strains that could be developed and used as biofertilizers in legume production. This research was conducted to characterize 24 rhizobial isolates from five legumes on morphological, biochemical, and molecular aspects and determine the phylogenetic relationships among them. Rhizobial isolates were obtained from five Egyptian legumes: faba bean, lentil, pea, clover, and soybean. Morphological characterization classified the isolates into fast and slow growers. Biochemical characterization using API 20E and API 20NE systems showed a large diversity, which may reflect their adaptation in different environments. Moreover, molecular detection of the 16S rRNA gene enabled to characterize 19 of them to the species level. Rhizobial isolates from pea, faba bean, clover, and lentil were identified as Rhizobium leguminosarum and those from soybean were identified as Bradyrhizobium japonicum. These data reflected a narrow diversity of rhizobial species in Egypt. A phylogenetic analysis of the 19 isolates confirmed that B. japonicum isolates were divergent from all other isolates. Furthermore, the phylogram revealed that each group of isolates that originated from the root nodule of a certain legume formed a separate subcluster. The obtained data suggested a narrow range of interspecies variations, which is consistent with the idea of the presence of biovars among the species.

The experiments of this study were carried out through four growing seasons i.e., 2015/16 to 2018/19 at the farm of the faculty of Agriculture, Shibin El-Kom, Menoufia University.Using10 Egyptian wheat varieties,16 wheat promising lines from (CIMMYT) and 20 adult plant leaf rust resistance genes (Lr). lines Lr were used as (male) for crosses with the wheat cultivars (female) to obtain the F1 grains to produce F2 grains and perform genetic analysis. Recording final rust severity (FRS), rate of disease increase (r-value) and the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) from varieties and lines to responses leaf rust resistance. While STS marker specific for Lr19 and Lr28 genes were performed on the ten wheat varieties and the sixteen promising lines. The responses of rust severity and infection type of the 20 Lr strains were divided into three groups; I resistant genes i.e.,