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We describe a new measuring complex aimed at the investigation of small-scale processes in the upper active layer of the sea. The necessity of creation of a complex of this sort is justified and a circle of problems that can be solved with the help of this complex is described. The scales of resolution of horizontal and vertical inhomogeneities in measuring in the mode of vertical probing are theoretically estimated. The basic technical characteristics of the complex are presented. We also present the results of laboratory and field tests, which confirm the agreement between the calculated and actual technical possibilities of the complex. The structural features of various versions of the "Sigma-1" measuring complex (the "Sigma-1P" point-to-point-operation version and the "Sigma-1Z" probing version) are described.

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This paper reports the results of field experiments performed at an offshore oceanographic platform in the Black Sea during spring and fall seasons 2005-2011. Observations of the air-sea interaction were made using direct and remote sensing methods in the coastal zone where the interaction is complex and still poorly understood. A specialized research platform, managed by the Marine Hydrophysical Institute (MHI), is placed on the shelf slope approximately 600 m offshore the Crimea coast, Ukraine. The water depth at the site is about 30 m. The experiment program included conventional turbulence measurements with the eddy-covariance method as well as remote radio-polarimetric measurements with a newly developed instrument. The study was concentrated on the air-sea interaction during episodes of weak wind in the atmosphere and upwelling events in the ocean. Analysis of the collected data confirmed significant dependence of the surface drag coefficient on the air-sea temperature difference under weak wind conditions. However, this analysis also demonstrated a new air-sea interaction regime, which is characterized by large quasi-periodic (periods about 3.5 h) turbulence oscillations developing initially in the atmosphere and later (after about 10-12 h) in the sub-surface water layer. The analysis of radiopolarimetric measurements provided the characteristics of the gravity-capillary wave field during these events.

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Поступила 04.09.2015 г.С применением высокоразрешающего зонда-турбулиметра «Сигма-1» собраны натурные данные о распределении флуктуаций гидрофизических параметров в верхнем слое моря вокруг Гераклейского п-ова (Крым). На основе анализа этих данных по разработанной ранее методике оценены масштабы турбулентных пятен в стратифицированном слое, рассчитаны коэффициенты вертикального турбулентного обмена и величины скорости диссипации турбулентной энергии в исследуемом районе. Показано, что пространственное распределение коэффициентов диффузии отражает особенности вертикального обмена, обусловленные гидрологической структурой и морфологией дна. Сопоставление результатов с предложенной нами ранее «спектральной» моделью обмена показало ее хорошее соответствие натурным измерениям.Ключевые слова: зонд-турбулиметр, микроструктура, внутренние волны, сдвиговая неустойчивость, турбулентная диффузия, диссипация энергии, модели обмена.

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