Additionally to the assessment of the external environment for the evaluation of the hygienic welfare of the population it is ultimately important to assess the health status, the index of which should be monitored as early as possible. Prenosological changes are the most early and common, they reflect the cumulative impact of adverse effects of the external environment of very different nature and their evaluation on human health is the most important. For a more accurate and standardized assessment of such effects we have developed a number of computer systems, allowing to estimate both physical and mental health and performance, and also biological age of a person. Our programs involve individual records of customer data, both physical and mental activity in everyday life, the degree of stress tolerance, the presence of occupational hazards, exercise, food tastes etc. Design of programs includes standardized windows: data entry, tabular and graphical output of results in comparison with age-related standards, output of the text and conclusion the database with the ability to view them and compare the results of several visits. Database programs have similar form and can be presented in a ExCel format for the statistical treatment. Overall, we have developed a computer system for the assessment of physical and mental health, working capability and biological age, that is a powerful tool for the accurate and standardized evaluation of the external adverse environmental influences on the health and general well-being, provides ways to an early preclinical diagnosis and environmental well-being and can be widely used in sanitary and hygienic monitoring of the health status of the population.
The authors made an attempt to show the differentiation and integration of preventive medical Sciences and ecological disciplines as a complex dialectical process characteristic for the development of the science of the late 20th - early 21st centuries, and to analyze the methodological links of preventive medical Sciences with numerous ecological disciplines developed in recent decades. The article deals with the processes of formation of new ecological disciplines studying the system “environment - human”, a comparative analysis of preventive medical and environmental Sciences on their goals, subjects and objects of study. The study of the environmental impact on human health was shown to be carried out by already formed medical Sciences, and primarily preventive orientation (General hygiene, Social hygiene, Communal hygiene, Food hygiene, Occupational health, Military hygiene, Radiation hygiene, etc.), having accumulated considerable experience in the areas of knowledge studied by them. Disciplines arising from the differentiation of the environment and studying the preservation of life and health, in essence, duplicate preventive medical Sciences, which inevitably leads to the repetition of the path and does not give the desired results in the increment and development of new scientific knowledge. At the same time, the process of interaction and unification of efforts of preventive medical Sciences and environmental disciplines can make a significant contribution to the successful solution of such important state tasks as the preservation of public health and environmental protection from the negative impact of anthropogenic factors. The application of a systematic interdisciplinary approach in the interaction of preventive medical Sciences and environmental disciplines involves the presence of scientific facts, a complex of deep knowledge in the areas under study, the development of a number of theories, as well as the analysis of environmental and medical problems.
There were analyzed psychogygienic problems of the impact of the informational environment on children and adolescents. Their scope and controversy are shown. There are considered such problems related with virtual reality as clip thinking, consciousness manipulating, network self-identification, Internet dependence. The possibility of the creation of a knowledge-based society is set against a change of the development of consumer society. As a basic method for adaptation of children and adolescents to permanently informational environment there is proposed the aim-oriented development of cognitive and creative abilities and also skills ofknowledge extraction form information. The delivery of psychohygienic technologies for the work with information will allow to withstand against a destroying effect of mass culture and to use resourcefully opportunities of non-linear virtual environment.
The article provides a review, a comparison-and-collation and a systematization of methodological approaches conventionally taken in the context of tourist cluster design and development. Furthermore, the authors lay down rules and recommendations concerning the methods and techniques of tourist cluster design and development.
Introduction. The article discusses the results of a general analysis of information on the radiation-hygienic passports of Moscow in the period from 2013 to 2016, providing objective and accessible information about the characteristics of all sources of ionizing radiation (man-made, medical, natural) and the resulting radiation doses for the population Moscow. Material and methods. A qualitative and quantitative assessment of doses for the population from natural sources, medical exposure of patients during X-ray examinations was carried out, the objects of Moscow using sources were studied. Results. The number of sources in Moscow has been established to be indicated inaccurately, as a result of which unaccounted sources are identified during control and supervisory measures. The leading role in the structure of collective doses of radiation to the population of Moscow according to the data of 2016 was shown to come from natural sources and medical research as much as 81.5 and 18.3%, respectively. A continuous increase in the dose from computed tomography and its significant contribution to the collective dose from medical exposure of Moscow residents was noted. In 2016, its contribution amounted to 59.9%. Discussion. To determine the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the doses to the population of Moscow from all sources, the radiation hygienic passports of the city of Moscow were studied from 2013 to 2016. Conclusions. On the basis of the study conducted to assess the doses of radiation to the population of Moscow, an underestimation of the effective doses of patients during medical research was established. There is a continuous increase in the dose from computed tomography, its significant contribution to the collective dose from medical exposure of the population of Moscow. In order to update the radiation hygienic passport of Moscow, it is necessary to achieve the presentation of complete information by objects using sources, as well as the relevance of legal acts, taking measures to prevent an unreasonable increase in doses of medical exposure to residents of Moscow while actively introducing highly informative diagnostic methods in medicine.
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