Cross-contamination of animal carcasses and their contact surfaces at any stage of meat handling is one major aspect in production of meat of high keeping quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the hygienic status of the animal carcasses (cattle, buffaloes, camel and sheep) and their contact surfaces (cutting boards, walls, knives, and butcher hands) in butchery shops among urban and rural areas in Sharkia province, Egypt. Microbial indicators for the hygienic measures adopted at butchery shops including total bacterial counts (TBC), total Enterobacteriacae counts (TEC), most probable number (MPN) of coliforms, total Staphylococcus aureus counts (TSC), total mould counts (TMC) and total yeast counts (TYC) were investigated. The results achieved in this study declared that cross-contamination of animal carcasses and their contact surfaces is well-observed and should be considered as an important factor that should be included in the microbiological risk assessments. Therefore, we recommend adoption of strict hygienic measures in all handling steps of animal carcasses.
Potential-time curves are constructed for the Cu electrode in aerated sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions devoid of and containing increasing concentrations of S 2ions. In sulfi defree solutions, the steady-state potentials (E st ) are reached from negative values indicating oxide fi lm thickening. Lower concentrations of S 2ions enhance oxide fi lm thickening and the potential moves more in the noble direction. Increasing the S 2ion content causes the potential to fl uctuate in the active and noble directions during a time span that depends on the S 2ion content. This behavior is attributed to the preferential formation of copper oxide and/or copper fi lms. Higher concentrations of S 2ions, on the other hand, cause the potential to change markedly into the active direction, denoting the formation of Cu 2 S. Within this range of S 2ion concentration, the E st varies with [S 2-] according to: E st = E o -0.059 log [S 2-] at 25°C, while E o varies with the pH of the solution to give a straight line with a slope of 29 mV/pH unit. A mechanism is proposed that involves the formation of CuHS as an intermediate step in the process of Cu 2 S formation.
Background: Infective Endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the endocardia surface of the heart, including the valves. Infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with a broad array of complications and successful treatment of IE relies on microbial eradication by antimicrobial drugs. Surgery contributes by removing infected material and draining abscesses. Nurse's performance plays a role in decreasing morbidity and mortality caused by Infected Endocarditis.
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