Wild rice hulls (WRH) have not been utilized in any valuable manner. Minnesota WRH have been shown by us to possess antioxidant properties. The methanol extract of hulls showed antioxidant activity when added to ground beef, as evaluated by the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The results of an ammonium thiocyanate assay also showed that some fractions of the hull methanol extract (MeOH:H 2 O, 75:25) have strong antioxidant activity. The yield of the evaporated methanol extract was 2.51% of WRH. The crude methanol extract was fractionated according to hydrophobicity. The antioxidant assay revealed that eluates of MeOH: H 2 O (50:50, 75:25) and absolute methanol have the strongest antioxidative activity in ground beef, as measured by the content of TBARS. Antioxidants were isolated from the 75:25 eluate and identified by mass spectrometry as 2,3,6-trimethylanisole (anisole); m-hydroxybenzaldehyde; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin); and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (syringaldehyde). Another compound identified, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, was a prooxidant.
Wild rice was cooked to two targeted levels of hydration (1:2, 1:4), each added at 0 (control), 15 and 30% to low ‐, intermediate‐, and high‐fat pork trimmings (20, 35 and 50% fat). Percentages of fat and protein decreased and carbohydrate and moisture increased, as level of hydrated wild rice increased. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were significantly lower during frozen (0, 3, 6 months) storage (p<0.01) in wild rice treatments. Sensory scores for rancidity, toughness and cohesiveness were lower if wild rice was added. Phytate was confirmed as one of the key antioxidants in wild rice.
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