Recent technological advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have dramatically reduced the cost of DNA sequencing, allowing species with large and complex genomes to be sequenced. Although bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world's most important food crops, until very recently efficient exploitation of molecular marker-assisted breeding approaches has lagged behind that achieved in other crop species due to its large polyploid genome. However, an international public-private effort spanning nine years reported over 65% draft genome of bread wheat in 2014, and finally, after more than a decade culminated in the release of a gold-standard, fully annotated reference wheat genome assembly in 2017. Shortly thereafter, in 2020, the genome of assemblies of additional fifteen global wheat accessions were released. Wheat has now entered into the pan-genomic era where basic resources can be efficiently exploited. Wheat genotyping with a few hundred markers has been replaced by genotyping arrays capable of genotyping hundreds of wheat lines using thousands of markers, providing fast, relatively inexpensive, and reliable data for exploitation in wheat breeding. These advances have opened up a new horizon for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) in wheat. Herein, we review the advances and perspectives in wheat genetics and genomics, with a focus on key traits including grain yield, yield-related traits, end-use quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. We also enlisted several reported candidate and cloned candidate genes responsible for the aforesaid traits of interest. Furthermore, we report on the improvement in the aforementioned quantitative traits through the use of (i) clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) mediated gene-editing, (ii) positional cloning methods, and of genomic selection. Finally, we make recommendations on the utilization of genomics for the next-generation wheat breeding and provide a practical example of using the latest, in silico bioinformatics tools that were based on the wheat reference genome sequence.
This work aims to study the essential oil and its main constituents of O. syriacum grown wild in 22 locations in Saint Katherine Protectorate. Origanum syriacum ssp. sinaicum plants collected during the summer season of 2014 from 22 locations in Saint Katherine Protectorate (SPK), South Sinai Egypt. Depending on location length, each location was divided into 2 stands to reach a total of 44 stands. Twenty compounds were identified as the main constituents of the essential oil which accounted for ca 97% from the total compounds of the essential oil. Carvacrol was the major constituent in all collected plants and ranged from 74.2% to 92.68% from the total compounds of the essential oil. Where, P-cymene was identified in the essential oil of all studied stands and ranged for 0.98% to 6.23%. The same was observed for γ-terpinene that was identified in the essential oil of all plants in the 44 stands and accounted for 1.37% as minimum percent up to 7.4% as maximum percent from the total compounds. The oxygenated compounds in the essential oil of O. syriacum were identified as carvacrol, terpienol-4, linalool, borneol, thymol, eugenol, and long pinenee poxid with relative percentage from 76.6%to 94.2%. The nonoxygenated compounds hydrocarbons ranged from 3.7% to18.4% in which P-cymene and ɣ-terpinene were the main non-oxygenated compounds. The relations between the essential oil%, as well as between carvacrol% in the essential oil in the different stands and calcium content, Cl and Na in the soil of the different stands were studied.In conclusion, the essential oil % of O. syriacum ssp. sinaicum and its main constituents changed according to the altitude and soil contents.
The tree pods and seeds of Cassia fistula (CF) and Delonix regia (DR) were collected from the Faculty of Agriculture garden at Al-Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt, during the spring season of 2019. The physical and chemical aspects of pods and seeds were examined. The percentage of oil and fatty acid compositions were then investigated. The pod weights ranged from 61.34 g in DR to 89.29 g in CF, with pod lengths ranged from 42.26 cm (DR) to 62.64 cm (CF). In Cassia fistula, the seed weight per pod, the number of seeds per pod, and the weight of 100 seeds per pod were 12.29 g, 84, and 17.22 g, respectively; whereas in Delonix regia, they were 11.31 g, 23.5, and 34.25 g. The C. fistula had high levels of chlorophyll a and b, as well as total chlorophyll (1.016, 1.025, and 2.041 mg g -1 DW), while D. regia recorded the lowest levels (0.513, 0.228, 0.741 mg g -1 DW). The results also showed that the C. fistula leaves were also heavier than the D. regia leaves, weighing 14.96 g and 5.02 g fresh and dry weight for C. fistula and 10.06 g and 3.87 g fresh and dry weight for D. regia, respectively. The seeds of both plants were chemically tested,
Chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.) is a perennial plant [Singh et al., 2018], which was recently introduced to the Egyptian market. It belongs to the Alliaceae family and the Allium genus, which contains many important plants such as garlic, leeks, shallots, and onion [Yoldas et al., 2019]. Because it is has medicinal and edible functions [Jiang-xue et al., 2018], it is widely cultivated around the world. The plant is distinguished in taste and rich in sulfur compounds that can be used for its antimicrobial properties [Krishnan and Nair, 2016]. Ghasemian et al., [2018], found that; the A. schoenoprasum extracts exhibited higher activity against S. aureus and B. cereus strains. Moreover, numerous studies indicate that the plant has antioxidant properties [Lim, 2015]. In a study conducted in 2017, it was reported that; a chives plant could be used as an antioxidant [Bezmaternykh et al., 2017]. Another study, confirmed that; the A. schoenoprasum L. leaves can be considered as a potential antioxidant [Pesantes et al., 2019]. Moreover, chives are a nutrient-dense food, which contains thiamin, zinc and phosphorus; they are a very good source of fibers, vitamins, and minerals such
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.