The Islamic museumwaserectedin1896.The buildingis situatedin theheart of Cairo (capitalof Egypt) and holdsmarvellous Islamic antiquities and priceless ancient hand-writing andrare books.Recently, a restoration scheme has been planned to secure the old building which suffers from weakened foundations.In addition, the wooden roofs will be replaced by concrete ones and an extra floor will be integrated into the building.Unfortunately, the architecture construction charts were neither available nor obtainable.Therefore, the structure of the foundations and the base walls of the building had to be outlined. At the time of construction, three major fundamental wall designs were dominant and were to be considered during the work approach. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and dipole^dipole resistivity imaging have been integrated to (define the structure of the foundation walls ofthe building. A Ramac2 system connected to a 500 MHz antenna has been utilized for conducting the GPR survey. In addition, a Terrameter SAS 1000 single channel device has been used for performing the resistivity profiles. At accessible spaces around the building GPR and resistivity profiles were obtained. The GPR analysis has revealed the depth of the foundation walls to be about 0.9 m from the ground surface with a width close to 0.6 m.The wall design is close to a straight wall style.Furthermore, the analysis ofthe dipole^dipole resistivity measurements has matched the geology of the area, where subsoil anomalies may be due to the scattered limestone blocks that occur in the area. Moreover, the foundation walls have resistivity values that fall into the range of fractured limestone or limestone blocks. A step-wise or inclined foundation wall style hasnot beenindicatedthroughtheparallelresistivityprofiles
Geoelectric techniques have been used to detect and define the subsurface stratigraphy and structures around Hibis Temple in Kharga Oasis, Egypt. We used 2D and 3D inversion approaches to interpret the data set obtained from 20 dipole‐dipole resistivity profiles with electrode spacings of 3 and 5 m and lengths between 39 and 85 m.
Five vertical electrical soundings, with a maximum array length of 200 m, along a profile crossing the study area were also carried out. A preliminary quantitative interpretation of the vertical electrical sounding curves was achieved using two‐layer standard curves and generalized Cagniard graphs. The final models were obtained by 1D inversion using the results of the manual interpretation as initial models. Model results were used to construct a geoelectric cross‐section that correlated very well with the stratigraphic units.
Five geoelectric units were identified: the first (the uppermost) is a high‐resistivity layer consisting of fill deposits (rubble); the second is a muddy clay with moderate resistivity values; the third is also a muddy clay but with decreased resistivity due to the increase in salt content originated by the evaporation of the groundwater seepage; the fourth unit, at a depth of 7–13 m, is a muddy clay saturated with water seepage from the agricultural areas surrounding the temple; the final unit is a more resistive layer corresponding to dry muddy clay. The differences in the groundwater level, and its salt content, correlated with the irrigation activities around the temple. We concluded that the high corrosion potential of the seepage water might be connected with its salt content.
The effects of the near-surface geology on the ground-motion at New Borg El-Arab City were evaluated in the current work based on the analysis of the ambient noise records (microtremor). Sixty-nine microtremor measurements have been done in the studied area. The dataset was processed using horizontal-to-vertical-spectral ratio (HVSR) technique to estimate the fundamental frequencies corresponding to the ground-motion amplification due to the soil deposits. By spatial interpolation of the resulted fundamental frequencies (f 0) of all the measured sites, the zonation map was produced. This map was correlated with the geological features of the study area and demonstrated that the fundamental frequency ranges between 5.8 Hz and 7 Hz were corresponding to the sites located over Quaternary deposit. However, the fundamental frequencies (f 0) increased in the middle of the study area due to presence of parallel Alexandria limestone ridge. Finally, site effect was highlighted by performing a site response analysis. It indicated that, the PGA at surface of the analyzed site is 0.047 g and the maximum spectral acceleration (SA) is 0.157 g. It was also found that, the maximum spectral period from site response analysis is in a good agreement with that one from HVSR technique. This confirmed the robustness of HVSR for determination of fundamental period or frequency.
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