Problems arising in the transition to a new level of steam parameters of power units are considered. The dependence of the efficiency of the unit on the efficiencies of individual turbine stages and different layouts is considered. It is shown that using the experience of best domestic producers the efficiency of a unit can be brought to the level of the best foreign counterparts.Research aimed at advancement of power generating units of thermal power plants (TPP) was intensified in economically developed countries (Denmark, Germany, Japan, etc.) in the early 1990s and developed, in particular, by transfer to supercritical steam parameters (SSP) of 27 -31 MPa and 580 -600°C. This was promoted by successes in design and creation of new materials, as well as by increased competition in the fuel market (price rise including that for solid fuel) and by the tendency for reducing the cost of nature-protection technologies and emissions of CO 2 . These studies resulted in the creation of coal-fired plants with elevated efficiency (43 -49%) in these countries in the last decade of the last century.The service life of the active domestic coal-fired power generating units will be exhausted fully in the second half of the present decade.In order to reconstruct the existing plants with replacement of equipment and to build new TPP Russia will require coal-fired units employing engineering solutions that raise the efficiency of operation, reliability, and flexing generation. The efficiency of such power units should be raised to 45 -46% as in foreign countries against the recent 36% and lower efficiencies at the active coal-fired units with standard supercritical steam parameters [1, 2].We possess published data on 58 units with steam parameters close to supercritical ones.Generalizing the available data on power units with SSP starting from 1997 we obtained the following characteristics of an average statistical power unit [3]. Power, MW 712 Design of turbine HPC + IPC + 2LPC Design of boiler T-shaped Temperature of live and reheat steam,°C 581/593 Pressure of live steam, MPa 26.5 Temperature of feed water,°C 300 Pressure in condenser, kPa 4 Auxiliaries of the unit, % 6.2 Efficiency of turbine plant gross/net, % 52/49 Efficiency of boiler, % 93.0 Specific consumption of coal equivalent, g/(kW · h) 274 Net efficiency of the generating unit, % 45.0First of all, it can be seen from published data that the net efficiency of power units of the new generation amounts to 43 -46% except for several units with even higher net efficiency (49 -53%), which always operate at very low temperature of the cooling water that arrives at condensers (seawater from near-bottom layers having a temperature of 2.3 -2.7°C) and therefore have a very low pressure in the condenser (P » 0.0023 MPa) and a high moisture content in the last stage (up to 15%). This requires lower reheat pressure in the case of single reheat or the use of second reheat.It should also be noted that most of the power units operate on solid fuel. This is another indication that...
The development of a modern 660 MW coal-dust generator unit with supercritical steam parameters is described. The major technical solutions that ensure reliability, efficiency, and low emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere are described.
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